Subway CRM Project free essay sample

1. 0 Executive Summary: Subway is a sandwich fast food restaurants which has 260 stores in New Zealand. Application of CRM can facilitate the management, CRM project including ICDC model, identify the touch points , Servqual level analysis, Gap Theory analysis, suggestions and recommendations. The CRM strategy properly executed, it will help Subway to better understand the customer and manage customers, improve the ability of its competition ability and development of the Subway. keyword:Subway? CRM? service? Servqual 2. 0 IDIC model of Subway Table 1. IDIC model of Subway Shareholders Fred Deluca Employees CEO Fred Deluca,more than 260 stores(NZ) Government New Zealand goverment, Auckland City Council etc Action Goroups Franchised outlet, Customers Public Local people, Passengers Distributors and Retailers Franchised outlet, Flagship store, Headquarters Suppliers Silver Fern Farms Limited–Fairton, Alliance Group Limite, Silver Fern Farms Limited–Finegan etc Institutions CEO , department manager, sales personel etc Competitors KFC, McDonald, Burger King etc Consultants Subway has its own panel Media and Reviewers Internet, Face book, TV, Newspaper etc Analysts No Customers People who likes Subway and does not cook by himself/herself, People who wants to buy or eat Subway. We will write a custom essay sample on Subway CRM Project or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page Partners Face book, Google, Yahoo etc Financiers ANZ, BNZ etc 3. 0 Touch Points With the emergence of new media, such as the Internet, greatly increased the Subway touch points of contact with customers. The main forms are: (1). Network: including Subway service website, Facebook Subway platform, Wechat Subway platform, etc. Through this contact, Subway and its followers can interact and qa, anytime and anywhere, convenient and quick, shorten the distance. For followers of Subway, and they can even find almost all of their attention will be connected to the Internet. Nutritional information such as product, suits own Subway menu, expert advice, etc. (2). Advertising: including television advertising, wall advertising, leaflets, etc. This is a traditional and effective way of propaganda and a wide coverage of positive contact point, can timely to let customers know the latest news of Subway. (3). Activities and public welfare: the Subway as their corporate positioning, from the outset nutrition Leaders (Leaders in nutrition from the beginning). They have been a champion of healthy eating and therefore made a lot of effort! Subway restaurants are independently owned and care who is proud of their community and active member independent operator franchise. Subway ® franchisees and crew members from around the world also active in their local schools, sports and civic associations and are proud to â€Å"give back† to the people in the neighborhoods that are near and dear to them. Over the years, the Subway ® restaurant family has shown it support for many worthy causes and humanitarian organizations such as the American Red Cross and AmeriCares disaster relief, Habitat, regional United Way campaigns, Little League baseball programs, seasonal blood donation drives and community food banks. [1] Each year the Subway ® brand supports charities and philanthropic organizations through corporate donations and sponsorships to encourage healthy, active lifestyles and help make the world a better place. This method not only help the people in need of help, also adds brand products to the Subway and goodwill degrees, have more social value than normal advertisement. (4). Face-to-face customer service: this is the most important point of contact, this method can maximize closer to the customer, understand customer. For employees, the Subway has its own service concept and training skills, to close their relationships with customers and achieve the customer as the center. Subway all staff three seconds smile and three minutes service principles, let customers get the most considerate the fastest service. Three seconds service refers to the guest into the store three seconds, greeting guests smile all front desk staff. Customer order to complete production time no more than 3 minutes. All sandwich scene produced in front of you. We know that it takes more than just good food to nourish a strong people and build a vibrant community. It starts with taking care of people, the heart and soul of the Subway ® experience. 4. 0 Servqual Service quality is a complex topic, need to be defined from five aspects: reliability, responsiveness, assurance, empathy, and tangibility. The service quality evaluation was conducted in the process of service delivery. Customers satisfied with the quality of service can be defined as: the perception of accepting service compared with expectations of service. When perception beyond expectation, service is thought to have a special quality, customers will be satisfied; when the service does not meet expectations, is doomed to be unacceptable; when the expectation and perception is consistent, the quality is satisfactory . The quality of service = perception of service quality- service quality expectations 0 is very satisfied = 0 satisfaction 0 not satisfied The following data can be obtained through investigation Table 2. Subway service quality survey[2] Factor The fast food industry service quality questions Score of feel Score of expect Score of Servqual Average Tangibles Tangibility restaurant layout is good, clean and comfortable dining environment 7. 9 7. 5 0. 4 0. 4 Food flyer make beautiful, attractive 7. 8 7. 7 0. 1 Food color, aroma and taste 7. 0 6. 7 0. 3 Staff dress uniform, clean and tidy 6. 8 6. 0 0. 8 Responsiveness Can quickly provide customers with the service 7. 9 5. 0 2. 0 0. 7 Wait for the waiter will tell the customer have to wait long 7. 0 7. 0 0 Can properly handle the customer complaints and complaints in a timely manner 8. 6 8. 5 0. 1 Reliability Service system perfect, standardization of service process 8. 8 7. 3 1. 5 1. 2 In the process of service few mistakes 8. 5 7. 1 1. 4 According to the promised to provide services 8. 6 7. 9 0. 7 When customers encounter problems try my best to help customers solve problems 7. 6 6. 4 1. 2 Assurance Employees use civilization terminology, polite 7. 8 6. 9 0. 9 0. 45 Employees have affinity, trustworthy 8. 4 8. 0 0. 4 Staff have appropriate knowledge and skills 6. 0 6. 0 0. 0 The customer to provide comfort food and services 8. 5 8. 0 0. 5 Empathy Customers can easily reached restaurant 8. 8 8. 0 0. 8 0. 63 To meet the personalized needs of different customers 9. 0 7. 5 1. 5 In the restaurant feel warm and happy 8. 8 7. 7 1. 1 Customers can often enjoy some preferential activities 8. 2 8. 5 -0. 3 Analysis: the data in the table can be learned that the customer for Subway service quality in reliability, responsiveness, assurance, empathy, and tangibility five aspects are very satisfied, particularly the most satisfactory reliability and responsiveness. Reliability is reliably and accurately fulfill service commitments. To show that the Subway service quality is very good, have a standard service process, and few mistakes. With the Subway three seconds smile and service three minutes is closely related to law. Responsiveness refers to help customers and provide services quickly and efficiently. Although the Subway can be quickly with good service quality to provide customers with services, but in waiting for the waiter will tell the customer need to wait for how long and properly handle customer complaints and complaints timely performance is not outstanding, it needs to strengthen. In terms of Tangibles and Assurance, service quality is also high, high customer satisfaction. That Subway layout in the unified management, restaurant, food production and have good performance in staff training, service quality is very high in these areas. In respect of Empathy, the Subway customers said that they think customers can often enjoy some preferential activities is done bad. In fact, relative to other fast food companies, Subway really few most favorable activity or can let customers enjoy preferential activities. But the Subway in Empathy other aspects of the service quality is very high. 5. 0 The Gap Theory . 5. 1 The mission of Subway Delight every customer so they want to tell their friendswith great value through fresh, is our way of letting you know we are committed to making a positive impact in all that we do. The Subway ® system is committed to providing a variety of great tasting, healthier food choices while reducing our environmental footprint and creating a positive influence in the communities we serve around the world. This is a requirement of Subway has always been, Subways mission is simple and clear tell us what it want to bring customers products and feelings, clear wording, and highlight the tradition of its green health products. 5. 2 Need to strengthen the image Corporate image refers to the people by the signs of the enterprise, and set up the overall impression of the enterprise, is the core of enterprise culture construction. Although the Subway has a clear mission, and has been sticking to its mission, the Subway has been developing smoothly, but Subway lacks a strong image, although the Subway has been claimed that they are going to give people more healthy diet. By contrast, found that most people associate to KFC, there will be a clear remember KFC sign, KFC, the old man face red and white alternate with, hamburgers, French fries, coke and unity of tables and chairs. When they think of Subway, can only think of Subway sign is green, white and yellow and white. But remember not too clear, sandwiches, unlimited refills, and only some people clearly know Subway restaurant is to provide a healthy diet. By Subway legendJared successful weight loss, in other countries outside the United States, such as New Zealand, his popularity is not high. It is very bad for Subway, if you cant let more people know that their mission is a health food. Customers in multiple fast food to make a choice, not more with it. It is also bad for customers, customers dont have a clear image of an enterprise when they choose will be very difficult, and will be always in doubt. Subway should strengthen the construction of its image in the advertisement, tell people there is green, healthy diet, not only tell people monopoly Subway sandwich! Subway should also spend more money on advertising, because compared with other fast food restaurants, Subway advertising is too little, so much so that many people know about it is not enough. Subway can also tell people on its paper napkins and food packaging it is healthy, not just printed on Subway. Subway should also have the image of a belongs to own healthy and lively, like Disneys Mickey Mouse, so that the image of thorough popular feeling, can better set up the enterprise image. 5. 3 Segmentation of Subway Subway from entrepreneurial start business only sandwiches, although it is a fast food restaurant, but the Subway to advocate a healthy diet. Because the Subway for their own simple clear positioning, belongs to the popular type of food, can make almost all the people to eat . And customers can DIY, choose oneself to like bread, ingredients and sauces, almost can satisfy everyones taste, so its market segmentation of customers dont need to do too much. 5. 4 Staff training and loyalty Subway attach importance to the cultivation of the employees, they think that talent is the most precious assets of Subway . People are our greatest asset. We continually challenge each other to succeed through teamwork, against shared goals benchmarks, and to be accountable for our actions. We require all employees throughout the Subway ® system adhere to ethical principles and employment standards to ensure that all workers at our corporate headquarters, regional offices, are valued, treated fairly and with respect. We value the cultural richness and breadth of ideas resulting from the diversity that is fostered in who we are and what we do. We are dedicated to building strong business relationships through open communication, respect and by with each other as well as by serving our customers and our neighborhoods; much like we do within our own families. The Subway employee training fully, from its three seconds smile and service three minutes law can be embodied. They warm service and skilled work skills, often a very good impression to the customer, at the same time, it saves time, brings additional value for the enterprise . Subway has the most branches as fast food brand, with perfect service personnel training system. Most Subway employees believe that their work environment such as in a family, is harmonious, loyalty to the enterprise is very high. Will from time to time and in different parts of the Subway store events, increase staff loyalty. 5. 5 Products and services Although the Subway has been selling sandwiches, but still attaches great importance to product upgrade and the change of the package, so as to adapt to the needs of different age and different countries customers . And in different regions according to different situation of promotional activities . In New Zealand, for example: the Subway in the current in the summer of New Zealand launched a new promotion chicken subs . [3] Due to the New Zealand communication services more perfect, customers can also be online or on the phone to order a meal, but in some other communication services imperfect country, it may be not enough. Although is a fast food restaurant, but the Subway and KFC, McDonalds and pizza hut from major competitors products have substaintial distinction, there is no the same products of the competition. As a Subway stores heavier, have always is famous for its first-class service and unified management, has the absolute competitive! 5. 6 Price As a popular global low-fat sandwiches, this price is OK. Subway does not need to rise the price, both in terms of cost, or from the point of sales, the price is just right. In fact, for the people, as long as good, price doesnt matter if they are a little bit expensive. Subway to grasp very well. 5. 7 Channels If you want to know, Subway, there will be many channels can help you. Such as: network, TV, newspaper, leaflets, billboards, radio and so on. Due to the development of communication technology, has been change in the number of users, nature is networks have TV is the best communication channel, is also the fastest know Subway channels. Of course, the Subway, you recommend your friends to compare its sandwich is very delicious. 5. 8 Authentic taste and unlimited refilled Subway can be in the fast food industry development, in addition to its first-class service, unified set up and manage, the most important of all is the pure taste, insist to use fresh food as possible, making major! This conforms to the demand for food has always been: a delicious, safe and healthy. Unlimited refill is a kind of American spirit, Subway brought this spirit to conquer all it. All the customers like this way, it can make them believe that they have more to choose in the Subway. Although they may only have a drink. But its true that Subway gives them more choice, because you can drink coke and then drink a glass of Sprite. Although were probably drink a 700 ml beverage, in Subway, you can taste the different flavors of drinks, but this is impossible in KFC and McDonalds. Subway should continue to adhere to its authentic taste and the spirit of unlimited refilled, bring more delicious experience for customers, and free choice. 6. 0 Suggestions and Recommendations 6. 1 Suggestions 6. 1. 1 Customer relationships Because you can choose your own ingredients make sandwiches, but numerous choice, many people hesitate when choice unconsciously. When this time, the service personnel should be timely recommend the best option for the customer, or guide customers to choose quickly, can increase the service personnel of communication with customers. Now smart phones, all kinds of communication software but also emerge in endlessly. Subway can choose on the software platform for propaganda and communication with customers, to update the product information and promotional activities, access to the customers evaluation, a question even questionnaire, etc. This way is very popular with young people, can attract more young customers for Subway become the loyal customers. 6. 1. 2 Service delivery system Subway, Subcard support cash and bank card payment, but few understand Subcard, also very few people use Subcard pays. Subway should intensify propaganda and use of Subcard told customers use Subcard special and they can bring convenience, as well as Subcard can discounts and benefits for them. This will increase the customers brand sense of belonging, the Subway has a large number of long-term and stable customers. Although the customer can order online or mobile phone, but they cant use online or mobile payment, this is one thing to let a person very depressed. Online payment and the trend of mobile payment is now Internet life, is the trend of The Times, Subway should conform to the trend, the development and utilization of this convenient way of payment. Subway can also and different communication carriers, such as Vodafone, use fee paid directly. In New Zealand, most people will have a bus and a train and Subway can pass and the transport carriers, allows customers to use public transportation card and the train in the Subway. 6. 1. 3 Service quality Service personnel will find a lot of problems in the process of service, the Subway need to found the problem employees a chance, they found the problem, and solve it. Different areas of the store service representatives should open a party every quarter, found the problem summary and share, avoid similar problems from happening again in other shops, improve service quality. Subway can also regularly staff appraisal, reward for excellent employees, encourage employees to more serious service, improve service quality. 6. 1. 4 Perceived gaps Although their DIY a sandwich very romantic, but there are a lot of people dont like such a choice. They think this is a waste of time, and with their own tastes delicious. So I suggest Subway more classical collocation solution for customers to choose, can not only saves the time of customers and service personnel, can attract more customers, because they have more better choice! For the first time consumption for customers, although their DIY is very novel, but also not embarrassed, because they dont know how to choose. So Subway should create simple and clear diagram, where customers convenient see, service personnel also need a bit more enthusiasm and careful guidance these initial purchase customers, help them to choose, rather than simply waiting for customers to choose, in order to avoid customers doubts and embarrassed. Compared with other fast food restaurants, Subway rarely distributed leaflets and give discount coupons, the Subway in virtually lost a lot of customers. Subway should put some ads in a variety of media and platforms, tell more people to its information and distribute more flyer and coupon, the customers are informed of the latest activities and preferential, attract more customers. 6. 1. 5 Service recovery strategies First, to explain to the customer service mistakes in time. Service failure happens, customers will be on the service failure reasons of the subjective inference, normally the customer would not have their own reasons, and corporate responsibility entirely to blame. Enterprises should be timely and reasonable explain the reason for the failure, make customer given individual factors, external factors or employees avoid customer subjectively to blame for the failure cause enterprise as a whole, this will be conducive to maintaining corporate image and reduce the cost of service recovery. Second, training and authorization to frontline staff and effective service recovery. Service failure happened, whatever the customer to the service failure attribution, considering the timeliness of service recovery will affect the procedural fairness perceptions of customer, enterprise must in the first place to solve the failure problems. So the enterprise should pay attention to training and authorization to the frontline staff in order to make them have the ability to service recovery and timely solve the problem of service failures, such as: give discounts or free of charge, after the occurrence of disputes of the parties to replace and compensation to customers. Third, understand customer expectations, earnestly implement the appropriate compensation. Including the apology, discount, free coupons, such as a variety of ways, understand customer expectations, make customers to participate in remedial decision-making process and in a timely manner to give proper compensation mode, make compensation match the level of customer expectations, customers can effectively eliminate the discontent, to regain customer loyalty. Fourth, with sincere attitude in the face of the customer. To deal with the process of service failures, customers want to be honest, attentive and treated politely. Service personnel should be expressed sympathy and concern to customers, understanding customers disappointment and anger said, this will make customers feel enterprise is sensitive to his situation and care, help customers obtain the good interactive fairness perceptions. [4] Fifth, the enterprise should pay attention to training with good relationship quality between customer and maintenance. Recent research has shown that giving an informed choice to customers can be an effective pre-emptive strategy to offset the damaging effects of service failure. The principle behind this strategy is that customers given an informed choice have increased feelings of self-attributions, share the responsibility for the service failure, feel more regret and stay more loyal. [5] 6. 2 Recommendations Subway is a global chain of large companies, business is numerous, the customer is multifarious, I recommend using Salesforce CRM software. Salesforce. com Inc. is a global cloud computing company headquartered in San Francisco, California. [6]CRM software of its most famous, ranked first in the world, can maximum limit satisfy the customer different needs. [7] 6. 2. 1 The cost of reasonable Salesforce operation mode can be summarized as simply the function of the network service is used to implement ERP software, software users only need to pay a small monthly fee, spending to save large amount of purchase. Different from traditional software business model, Salesforce customers dont need to buy the software CD, also do not need to pay handsomely for future upgrades. Once bought the right to use the Salesforce, the user can update regularly, and through the network to provide, do not need to install the program, and therefore do not need to please specialist maintenance, there is less spent on information equipment budget. [8]For Subway company need long-term use of CRM software, it is a good choice, take reasonable money can buy value service. 6. 2. 2 Nicely integrated Social CRM functionality With the growth of social media, it is increasingly important to gain insight into what customers are talking about on Twitter, Facebook, Google+, and LinkedIn. Salesforce is by far one of the leaders in providing tools within its CRM application for you to get into this data. You can monitor and respond to conversations that are relevant to your organization, gain insight into your accounts and contacts’ activity streams from Twitter and Facebook, and create leads from posts and comments. [9]That is in keeping with the demand for the development of Subway, the Subway is need to improve on the network marketing and management, the CRM software can be very good to solve these problems, at the same time to strengthen communication with customers. 6. 2. 3 Real-time data access on mobile devices You can get instant business information anytime, anywhere through an iPhone, BlackBerry, or Windows Phone. You are able to edit and customize almost every field, module, and object in Sales Cloud. Take a call with a contact and log the call as a record directly to the contact’s record, have leads routed automatically to your device as they come in, pull up account information prior to a meeting, and assign tasks to colleagues all from your mobile device. It is very convenient for the managers of one thing, but also meet the needs of the future development trend. 6. 2. 4 Companywide collaboration through Chatter Built into the CRM application is an enterprise-level, real-time social networking tool called Chatter. This collaboration tool uses the same tools from social media to help organizations collaborate and empower all departments, from sales to service to marketing, to get more done faster. Chatter increases an organization’s productivity by sharing answers, ideas, files, and more. You can follow people or business data, such as records, documents, and analytics, within your organization and get real-time activity feeds to track each of these items. 6. 2. 5 Easy customization You don’t have to be a programmer to customize Sales Cloud to fit your business needs. You can customize tabs, fields, and the interface and create formula-driven fields effortlessly with the help guide. Most impressively, you can utilize a point-and-click app builder to build your own application. You can even publish custom apps to Salesforce’s marketplace, AppExchange, to be shared with other users. 6. 2. 6 Salesforce to cloud services Salesforce on the application of cloud computing can be said to be the pioneer of IT industry, its not only for our company provides a simpler and cheaper data and software services, more represents a kind of used for the spirit of innovation, dare to practice. [10]It not only can the independent design applications to meet the special needs, also can draw lessons from the existing custom application by modifying meet those requirements, at the same time perfect integration path will not affect the normal operation of the other systems within the enterprise, ensure that each system play to their respective functions, supplement each other, common service for enterprise production operation . 6. 3 Privacy and ethics issues Customers to provide personal information, the purpose is to hope that the enterprise really understand their needs, to provide more convenient. Here, however, there may be some privacy and ethical issues . [11] 6. 3. 1 Permissions and limit Subway customers in the use of online services, fill out the phone number and email, web page no obvious hints, information about customers to fill out the authority to use and limitations, whether in all levels of employees can refer to the information, whether all level employees can use this information, no significant, and there is no legal guarantee, will these information leakage. It is very dangerous for customer privacy. With the development of information technology, the enterprise to gain more customers, through the network, telephone and other channels, widely collect customer information, to advertising. A large number of promotional telephone, SMS spam and junk mail serious violation to the customers personal privacy. If cannot confirm customer about the safety of these data, it is likely to happen privacy leaks. And in the event of privacy leaks, the customer will not have strong basis to solve this matter, Subway will be customers think there are suspected of deliberately avoid responsibility, it is a disadvantage for customers and Subway. 6. 3. 2 Questionnaire and personal information Subway will not be a questionnaire survey was conducted on a regular basis, the content involves the be fond of of customers, and customers of some of the personal information, Subway in the questionnaire, no prompt the questionnaire and final treatment way going, also didnt mention that these questionnaires will be made public. This is a very important privacy and ethical issues. After all, not all customers want to let others know whether he has multiple, rely on the Subway to reduce how much jins weight, how like Subway, or if you choose to eat Subway in order to lose weight. If these information leakage, maybe some weight loss products manufacturing chamber of commerce is happy to give this attention weight customer send junk mail and telephone harassment. 6. 3. 3 Subcard and security services Although Subcard enjoy services and products for customers to buy has brought great convenience. However, customers in the use of card, service personnel will see some personal information, customer service personnel will these information leakage, is a great privacy security issues. And the loss of the card, stored inside tip made no personal information will leak. Subway has 260 stores in New Zealand, many employees and customers quantity is huge. As a modern enterprise, it is necessary to use computer to manage, its safety performance is also facing a huge test, if in the event of information leakage, there will be thousands and thousands of customers received threats to privacy.

Free Essay about Two Soldiers Arcite and Palamon

Free Essay about Two Soldiers Arcite and Palamon Journals The two knights, Arcite and Palamon, both soldiers from Thebes, were close cousins who were sworn brothers. They were captured in war and imprisoned together in a tower in Athens. Palamon noticed the beautiful Emelye on the courtyard and immediately fell in love with her. His compatriot Arcite, noticing Palacons new fascination and hearing him speak of her aloud investigated and discovered the woman in the courtyard, immediately falling in love with her as well. The men quarreled over the love of the woman and their friendship was ruined. Sometime later, Arcite was released on condition that he would be killed if he ever returned to Athens. The question of which of the two men was the most fortunate has been widely discussed, with some citing different factors as key to ones advantages. However, taking everything into consideration, I believe neither of the two was luckier than the other. In fact, I believe that the two brother had it even worse off than they were before, with no obvious winner. First of all, in different ways, the two cousins represented everything that a knight ought to be: they were sworn under the oath of brotherhood, which created a stronger bond similar to that of blood brothers. This relationship was strong as everybody regularly complemented them for being noble and honorable knights. This kind of bond is hard to maintaining leave alone establish one between individuals. Fortunately, they were able to build this friendship. Alas, due to the feuding between the two brothers, this connection was destroyed and they are left without the company and companionship of one another, one they could never establish between Emelye and either one of them. Secondly, once both of them fall in love, they describe their love as a wound that reaches their heart Both men enter into a state of great suffering as none of them can have what they want. The fact that they both share a common affection towards the same woman is also frustrating. Additionally, once they were separated, they moan and groan as each of them is convinced that the other has a greater advantage with Emelye. The truth is, none of them is worse off judging by their constricting circumstances. Judging from these circumstances, it is clear none of they had it better off. The values and ideals of honor and loyalty was an important aspect of men back in 20th century and beyond. These aspects were the essence of manhood and often than not was the subject of most feuds. Unfortunately, the concepts of honor, loyalty and valor are long lost. In the current world, money is the greatest motivator and the source of all evil. We see star players quit their draft team in search of more money; and women getting married for money rather than for love. Loyalty in todays society is laughable, especially after considering almost 60% of marriages end in divorce and 90% of them have a cheating spouse. Personally, I like to think that I do possess some elements of honor However, no one is perfect. In todays contemporary world, one is forced to adapt to prevailing circumstances, which in most times are not the most upright alternatives. In the old days, honor was the primary purpose of life. No one cared how much money one brought in or what king of house one lived in; as long as one earned respected from his peers, which was more than enough. Unfortunately, the modern world is subject to many different fundamentals, where honor is not regarded as a significant element. For my part, I would like to realize a greater level of achievement through embracing a greater degree of honor. Unfortunately, the present world is not that accommodating of this line of thought. This vivid portrait painted of one of the most striking characters in the passage reveals an interesting and audacious personality in the form of the wife. We learn of the wifes ostentatious dressing, lifestyle and bold character. She is not particularly beautiful and is perceived to be vivacious and forceful. Her bright clothes and sophisticated head-dress are ostentations rather than show of elegance. The effect of such behavior is perhaps to popularize herself and her riches, rather than the attempt of uncharacteristic finesse. Of her personal life, we learn that she has had five different husbands in the past, and that three of them were old men. Additionally, she had a tendency of trying to dominate all of them, only to find frustration in achieving this with her fourth and fifth husbands. From the above revelations, we learn that she was not a good person, leave alone a good wife She is a manipulative and opportunistic character that only cared about herself. She is a conniving individual who constantly devised ways of making her husband her slave and debtor. Additionally, she would solicit money from her former partners in exchange for bele chose (sex), threatening to sell herself to other men who would lavish more than she received from her marriage. All though she did endure cruelty from her fifth husband, this does not excuse her actions and behavior as this are all elements of a bad wife. O Brother, Where art Thou is a movie that stands out as one of the Coen brothers most generous, optimistic and delightful pictures. How they manage to that without having a solid plot or story line is something of a miracle. Published sometime before 600 BC, the Odyssey is one of the best known and marvelously creative works of ancient literature. To further accentuate its remarkableness, numerous works of art have been inspired by Homers epic tale, one of them being O Brother, Where Art Thou? The main theme the brothers promote relating to the Odyssey is that of religion Religion is primarily one of the tools Ulysses uses to search for answers in the movie. The writers/directors use biblical references to add significance and structure to their work. It is important for this inclusion as the audience is able to witness characters that seek meaning to their lives through greed, redemption and exclusion. However, through their journey, they find themselves becoming part of a warped detraction of a religious Christian worldview. The Coen brothers depict characters who seek answers and redemption through cultic practices through mockery. For instance, when the singing congregation passes the three convict, Everett comment s, they must be searching for answers. This phrase is repeated several times in the film; becoming key in the structure of the story. The film O Brother Where Art Thou is cleverly based on the famous narrative The Odyssey by the well-known Homer. However, the movie has a few distinctive differences from the original work, including the role Odysseus plays in both works. Although he was a great character and war hero, the movie paint a picture of a different person; one that was a criminal. The writers/directors presented this different portrait of the Greek hero to illustrate the concept of constant running or escape from dire circumstances. The movie is set back in the Great depression era where the main characters are escaping from jail. At the time, criminal activity was widespread and criminals were constantly hunted down. Ulysses is running from the police who cause him a lot of distress, much like Odysseuss journey. Even though he was not running from anyone, the gods did cause him an awful lot of trouble. The character was portrayed as a criminal to illustrate the concept of hardship and difficulty one endures when in a position where no one is on your side due to the position they occupy in the world.

What are the key similarities and differences between neorealism and Essay

What are the key similarities and differences between neorealism and neoliberalism - Essay Example The debate within the length of this paper is to establish the main differences that exist between neorealism and neoliberalism, find out the shared assumptions that exist between the two theories and lastly pinpoint the issues that have been left unquestioned by both the neorealism and the neoliberalism bases. The role played by both neorealists and neoliberalists as well as the opponents of the same theories have also been highlighted during the length of this paper. Thus in all essence, a deep and incisive look has been provided to the two theories at hand and every effort is possibly made to establish a link with each other’s traits and characteristics. In conclusion, a significant foundation has been discussed with respect to the two theories and the learning that has been brought forward by the respective theory at hand. A theory of international relations – neorealism is also known by the name of structural realism. It was coined by Kenneth Waltz in the year 1979 in his famous book ‘Theory of International Politics’ where his premise was in support of having a global structure which could act as a restraining force on the behaviors of the state. This was deemed significant because the states which had their outcomes within the expected range could make their way and survive in the related midst. Thus neorealism can easily be remarked as a similar system to the microeconomic model which makes use of organizations setting price and quantity equations on the structure of the market. Neorealism looks to explore the classical realist thinking ideology of E H Carr, Niebuhr and Morgenthau. Neorealism has been brought forward by the incorporation of American political science domains. It wants an attachment with the strongly linked and positively inclined social science. (Gilbert, 1999) On the other hand, neoliberalism encompasses a political movement that includes within it the economic liberalism. What this economic

E-Recruitment in the banking Industry a comparative study in to the UK Dissertation

E-Recruitment in the banking Industry a comparative study in to the UK bank Lloyds TSB and Indian bank ICICI - Dissertation Example A primary research study which is composed of a combination of quantitative research survey and research interview was conducted to determine the factors that could significantly influence the e-recruitment practices in both banks. Based on the research findings, the three (3) significant factors that can affect the ability of the banks to maximize the full benefit of its e-recruitment practices includes: the unique recruitment practices in each bank, access to Internet, and the ability of the people to use the computers. To make Lloyds TSB and ICICI be able to maximize its full investment on e-recruitment platform, this study highly recommends the idea that the bank manager(s) should be able to design and implement strict policies with regards to the use of the banks’ e-recruitment process. In the case of Lloyds TSB, its bank personnel should redesign the banks’ existing e-recruitment practices to be more friendly in the sense that it should allow the bank personnel to get to know each candidate on a personal level. In the case of ICICI, its existing e-recruitment process is not highly dependent over the use of its official website. For this reason, one of the best ways to improve ICICI’s existing e-recruitment is for the bank to offer better online forms. Other study recommendation includes the need to simplify the online testing. Through the use of basic and simple IQ test, maths test, or English, the banks will have lesser risks of screening out individuals with positive work attitude and pleasing attitude and personality needed in serving the bank customers. It is also necessary to keep the actual design of the virtual recruiting environment simple and user-friendly. SPECIMEN ABSTRACT STUDENT NAME Kirandeep KAUR DEGREE MBA International Business DISSERTATION SUPERVISOR Richard Knight DISSERTATION TITLE E-Recruitment in the banking Industry a comparative study in to the UK bank Lloyds TSB and Indian bank ICICI DATE September 3rd 2012 KE YWORDS E-RECRUITMENT CULTURE RECRUITMENT METHODS ABSTRACT E-recruitment is pertaining to the use of information technology in the recruitment processes of each bank. Through the strict implementation of e-recruitment, each bank can speed up and improve the overall quality of the banks’ recruitment services. Banks like Lloyds TSB in UK and ICICI in India spent a lot of money on its e-recruitment platform. Among the common reasons why these two banks invested on e-recruitment is to get hold of the most highly competitive individuals to join the team, speed up, and further improve its existing recruitment services. A primary research study which is composed of a combination of quantitative research survey and research interview was conducted to determine the factors that could significantly influence the e-recruitment practices in both banks. Based on the research findings, the three (3) significant factors that can affect the ability of the banks to maximize the full benefit of its e-recruitment practices includes: the unique recruitment practices in each bank, access to Internet, and the ability of the people to use the computers. To make Lloyds TSB and ICICI be able to maximize its full investment on e-recruitment platform, this study highly recommends the idea that the bank manager(s) should be able to design and implement

Economics Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words - 1

Economics - Essay Example Marshallian utility analysis is based on the assumption that utility is measurable and indifference curve analysis is based on the assumption that the consumer is able to tell his preferences among the various alternative combinations of the two commodities. These assumptions seem to be unrealistic and revealed preference theory is free from these unrealistic assumptions and it seeks to enunciate the demand from observed market behaviour of the consumer. The theory is based on the fact that ‘choice reveals preference’. 2. Critical Analysis of the Neo Classical consumption theories of Marshallian Utility analysis and Hicksian Indifference analysis 1) Unrealistic The Marshallian assumption of cardinal measurement of utility is very restrictive. It demands too much from the human mind. Utility is a mental phenomenon and the precision in the measurement of utility assumed by Marshall is unrealistic. It is criticised that new theory of indifference analysis only jumps from th e frying pan of the difficulty of measuring utility into the fire of the unreality of assuming consumer’s complete knowledge of all his scales of preferences or indifference map. The indifference curve technique envisages a consumer who thinks of innumerable possible combinations of goods and his relative preferences for them. 2) Absurd Indifference curves include even the most ridiculous combinations which may be far removed from a consumer’s habitual combinations. For example, while it may be perfectly sensible to compare whether three pairs of shoes and six shirts would give him as much satisfaction as two pairs of shoes and seven shirts. 3) Introspective Both the approaches of Marshallian Utility analysis and indiffence curve technique are based on the psychological or introspective method. The law of diminishing marginal utility, which is psychological in nature lies at the bottom of law of demand. Indifference curve too is based on introspection. This technique i s criticised as introspective and hence Samuelson introduced behaviourist method of devising demand theory. 4) Relation of Transitivity objected Armstrong has criticised the relation of transitivity involved in indifference curve technique. According to him, the consumer’s indifference arises from his inability to perceive the difference between alternative combinations of goods. This is due to the fact that the difference is too slight to be noticed. If that is true, the relation of indifference become non-trasitive. This knocks the bottom out of the whole system of indifference curve analysis. 5) Limited empirical Nature In Hicks-Allen theory, indifference curves are based on hypothetical experimentation. They are based on imaginary indifference curves, although attempts have been made recently to derive them experimentally. 4. Revealed Preference Theory The theory of Revealed Preference is associated with the name of Paul Samuelson and the theory is called the behaviourist ordinal utility theory. Instead of the unrealistic assumptions that the consumers operate with a complete and consistent scales of preferences set out in the form of indifference curves, most economists now prefer to analyse situations in which their hypothesis can be tested. Both

Microsoft Versus Apple Compare And Contrast Computer Science Essay

Microsoft Versus Apple Compare And Contrast Computer Science Essay Business strategy is a direction, vision and objectives in terms of projects, in order to configure the total recourses that invest into the projects base on the markets needs and challenging of other competitors. After all, a scorecard will be use to evaluate the overall performance and the next step can be draw out base on the evaluation. The evaluation is about the suitability, feasibility and finally acceptability. Different company may have same or different policies on a same situation depends which way they comfort with. In this paper, Microsoft and Apple business strategy will be compare and contrast. Innovation is a radical or revolutionary change on doing an ordinary thing and makes it think out of the box. The process include from invention to application. Innovation can be value added if the invention is successful since the revenue and the stock market price of certain company will be increase significantly due to the uniqueness of the products. But the innovation also bare the risk of lost, this in because in the RD process, a lot capital been invested and may not produce the return so fast or even not at all if the innovation is failed. This paper include how innovative Apple and Microsoft is and how the technology invented by them help to push the world into the next level. 1.2 Purposes/ Objectives The first objective of this paper is to study about the business strategy between the Microsoft and Apple. The second is to study about the innovation of both company and their contributions to the technology world. As an engineer, one must be able to catch up the technology trends, make their own judgment about the incident and be innovative enough to foresee the future of the technology world. By studying history of companies, one can learn how others success and the lessons from others fails. 1.3 Scope The sample population of our research was 100 students from Multimedia University Cyberjaya. These 100 students were come from different faculty which included students from Faculty of Engineering, Faculty of Information Technology, Faculty of Management, Faculty of Creative Multimedia and last but not least FOSEE. 1.4 Methods Sources Two methods are used to complete this research. The primary data are collected through the questionnaire and the online researches. A thorough comparison and categorization will be performed in the second phase research. The second phase research result will be used to provide sufficient empirical evidence and to ground truth our findings from the preliminary research. The questionnaire is as per attached in the appendices. 2.0 Literature Review Apple Background Apple Inc. is a multinational corporation which based in Cupertino, California. Apple was founded by Steve Jobs, Steve Wozniak in 1st of April 1976. By Apple to shifted itself from the computer industry to the information technology industry the coverage of business become wider, it includes computers and mobile hardware (desktop and laptop personal computers, servers, iPhone, iPod), software (Mac OS X, iLife, iWork suits) and further to the online services (Mobile me services). For more than 34 years, Apple experienced from the rise to the golden age then fall back to serious lose and climb back to the current worlds leading technology company status. For the Apple community the most important, most powerful person ever is the current CEO which is the co founder Steve Jobs. He founded the company in 1976 and get fired by the CEO that hired by him in 1985, then he back on 1997 after the acquisition of NeXT Computer which is the new company that founded by Steve been layoff by Apple. In 1997 after Steve become the interim CEO of Apple, Michael Dell founder of Dell Computers said that What would I do? I would shut the company down and then give back the money to the shareholders, in front of the crowd of several thousand IT executives.[1] After more than ten years which is now, Apple worth more than 4 times of the Dells market value.[2][3] It is not difficult to spot whether Steve Jobs in Apple campus, just look for the handicapped space in front of the Apple campus entrance. Because it is usually for him to park at there and sometime occupied both handicapped car lot. If describe the Apple as big ship, the Steve will be an erratic and temperamental captain. But this captain is capable to foresee and fulfill what the end users wishes and setting the trend in innovation and style. Moreover, Steve Jobs been award as most valuable CEO by Barrons, The Wall Street Journal and CEO of the Decade by Fortune magazine.[4][5] Microsoft Background Microsoft Corporation is a multinational computer technology corporation that develops wide range of software products, gamming hardware products, online services etc. But Microsoft main business and most profitable products are selling the software products such as operating system, office suits. In 1975, Microsoft was founded by two founders which is Bill Gates and Paul Allen, and for now headquarter is locate at Washington. Microsoft was developed and sold the Beginners All-purpose Symbolic Instruction Code (BASIC) interpreters for the Altair 8800 computer when it was founded. Then continue with The AppleSoft Complier (TASC) which compiles the BASIC written program to Apple machine language. By award the contract by IBM to Microsoft for the operating system in IBM upcoming PC, it yields the first real success for Microsoft is by delivering the Disc Operating System (DOS). Then Microsoft continues to release the new operating system which named as Windows operating system that equi pped with the graphical user interface (GUI). From Windows 1.0 to the latest Windows 7 or Windows server 2008, Microsoft rose of small player to the giant in the software industry. Microsoft provides wide range of software to support the hardware products. Before January 2000 the chief operating officer for Microsoft is Bill Gates, but after Bill Gates stepped down and become the non executive chairman, he gradually transfer his duties to Steve Ballmer, an executive that joined Microsoft on 1980. Beside the operating system Microsoft also create the business software, gaming hardware such as XBOX, gamming software such as Flight Simulator 2000 and other popular games for both PC and XBOX. Microsoft also participates in the search engine, BING and provides other online services such as Windows Live. To compete with iPod, Microsoft released their own portable media player named as Zune which offer more choices to consumers. 3.0 Methods, Materials Process 3.1 Participants Our entire research is based on the students from MMU Cyberjaya. The objective of survey is to collect opinion of students in MMU Cyberjaya toward business strategy and innovation of Microsoft and Apple. As such, our main criteria lie on the Faculty of Engineering (FOE), Faculty of Information Technology (FIT), Faculty of Management (FOM), Centre For Foundation Studies and Extension Education (FOSEE) and Faculty of Creative Multimedia (FCM). All of the students from the research sample are chosen randomly regardless of their age and sex. We targeted a research sample of 100 students. 3.2 Materials We started our research by using the questionnaire. The questionnaire fundamentally consists of close ended and open ended questions. Each of the questions is specially designed in correspondence with the objective of the research, which is to determine the image of both the company in students mind. The questionnaire is attached on Appendix A. 3.3 Process There are 5 members in our group. The different tasks on the questionnaire design and distributions have been divided evenly among the group members. Our research samples are the 100 students from every faculty. Our friends from every faculty assist us in distributing the questionnaire. Besides that, we also perform the online survey and send the link through social network such as msn, email or facebook. Every question may require more than one answer, which are the answers that come to their mind. 4.0 Survey Results: Which company does you heard before? In the statistic, it shows that all heard about both companies before. Which product from Microsoft that you have used before? As show in bar chart above, Windows and Office suite dominates the market, as the Internet Explorer and Windows Media Player bundle with the Windows operating system, so both of it also have 100% of usage. Windows Mobile is just for the one who own the smart phone that use Windows Mobile as operating system which as low as 40%. The less among all is Microsoft hardware, which includes keyboard, mouse, webcam etc. Which product you think represents Microsoft the most? Pie chart above shows that when people talk about Microsoft, the image or product that relate to the company is Windows. Which product from Apple that you have used before? Most of the people have used iPod and iPhone before compare to the other Apple products. This is because of the pricy of the Mac computers even the entry level product compare to other others. Which product you think represents Apple the most? Pie chart above shows that when people talk about Apple, the image or product that relate to the company is mostly iPhone and iPod. Which company do you think is more innovative? Peoples think that Apple is more innovative compare to Microsoft maybe due to the image that Apple keep refresh its products line and keep introduce new products. Which company image is more mysterious or secretive? From statistic, Apple image is more secretive compare to Microsoft. This is probably due to Apple wont announce current or ongoing projects compare to Microsoft makes public about what its current ongoing. Which sector do you think Microsoft monopoly? Microsoft monopoly the software market in the PC industry due to its operating system can operate in any hardware combinations. Which sector do you think Apple monopoly? Apple monopoly in digital music sector and mobile sector, many iPod and iPhone can be found easily on the street as the handheld device of many users. Usually where you get the information or news for the products? Compare both of the pie chart above, most of the people get the information of Microsoft from email promotions and social media, but for Apple, Email promotions and social media tactics less likely to be use with. 5.0 Discussions: 5.1 Compare and Contrast of Business Strategies 5.1.1 Secrecy As show in graph above the different between Apple and Microsoft business strategy is its secrecy level. Nowadays the social networking platforms such as blog, facebook, twitter, etc are very famous around the world. There are companies that use these platforms to communicate with their fans, potential customers, costumers, sharing about the new business strategy, new technology, new upcoming products or get the direct respond from the public. Such as Microsoft, there are different official blog for different department, such as IEBlog or Server Team Blog. But there is also the official Microsoft Blog for the executives or employees to deliver the news and the perspective from Microsoft. Besides that, the Microsoft team uses their blog to respond to the current related topics or what happenings in the industrial, such as Microsoft Cooperate Vice President reply the criticism of the former employee by the title Measuring Our Work by Its Broad Impact through the blog. [6] But this kind of the culture is banned in Apple. In Apple, no employees are allowed to share to public any tidbits about what are they currently doing. There are also no official blog for Apple. The only Apple have is their official website to provides the details to the public. Moreover, Apple has been known to spread wrong information to their workers. According to a former employee mention that Philip Schiller, senior vice president for worldwide product marketing, provided incorrect information about a products price or features about new products in internal meetings. By using the incorrect details, Apple then tries to track down the source of leak. For those employee that leak or accidently leak the information, they will be fired. [7] Even Apple employees have no idea what are they currently working at. They just finish the task that assigned. The engineers that deal with the hardware part and the software part are separate in different buildings in order to prevent for them to know what is the whole project was. So for Apple employees they are as surprised as public about the new product launch or products update. Basically Apple secrecy reaches paranoia. A former Apple marketing manager describe as below Employees working on top-secret projects must pass through a maze of security doors, swiping their badges again and again and finally entering a numeric code to reach their offices, according to one former employee who worked in such areas. Work spaces are typically monitored by security cameras, this employee said. Some Apple workers in the most critical product-testing rooms must cover up devices with black cloaks when they are working on them, and turn on a red warning light when devices are unmasked so that everyone knows to be extra-careful. [7] Beside the unannounced new products, this rule also applies for the announced. Such as for new iPad that just launch and will be available in Apple Store on 3rd of April, but even few days before launch, Apple Store employees form concierge to manager havent seen it yet. The most interesting part is the geniuses that in charge of the problems solving and fixing dont know how to solve and fix the potential problems yet.[8] Why secrecy is so important in Apple business strategy? It is because this approach has been critical to success, it will allowing Apple to attack the market share of other companies before for their competitors conscious about it. Usually if Steve found that if there are some breakage or potential products in the sectors, they will find the possibilities to connect it or create it out. Such as iPhone, it takes more than three years for Apple to figuring out how to product it should be, so that was three years ahead of their rivals. So when their rivals try to create some product to fight back, maybe Apple has brought their existing product into another level. This make Apple in lead of the sectors and their rivals keep catching up at behind. Since Apple image is about the secrecy, before any events that held by Apple, there are sure many rumors going on the tech website or media. But there sure will have leaks about the new product information. A former Apple manager describe that these sorts of leaks are handed down from senior Apple executives to the employees to contact major news or website outlets. The communication is always done in person or on the phone and never by e-mail. This is because if theres ever any dispute about what transpired, theres no physical evidence to prove the false of either partys version of the story.[9] So it is all about the business or marketing tactics. By control leaks, Apple will know who the public will respond to their new products and it is a free method to survey and free method to advertise the potential new products. All of the rumors or lawsuits that are related to Apple company well shown in their stock (AAPL) that listed on Nasdaq. The stock price will go higher before there are any events and if the new product release meets the public expectation the stock price will be rise again or remain same. But if out of expectation, the price will be drop. So as the lawsuits, by winning the lawsuit will help to push up the stock. 5.1.2 Open door versus closed door The second strategy related to secrecy is about the open door versus closed door. Since the day Microsoft collaborate with IBM when IBM approach Microsoft for needing the operating system for their new to-be-announced PC. The personal computer (PC) that creates by the IBM is open architecture, which means that peripheral components and compatible software can be produce and sell by other manufacturers without purchasing licenses. Soon there comes other manufactures to reverse engineered the PC which so call the IBM PC compatible. As the success of the IBM PC lead the PC become the standard in the industry and lead many of the other companies to start to clone it. Due to the popularity of the IBM PC, it helps to push to Microsoft to world because all of the clone will use the Microsoft DOS operating system. After more than 30 years of evolution, nowadays there are full of computer company such as Dell, Asus, Acer, etc which is PC maker and seller. It is not too over to say that each of the PC that they sold come with the pre-install Windows operating system that developed by Microsoft. The statistics showed that more than 90% of the operating system market shares are own by Microsoft.[10] How Microsoft reach so far? The answer is collaboration with the hardware manufactures and with software programmer. Microsoft released the Application Programming Interface (API) inside the operating system for the use of the programmer. Since the PC is very popular and due to the popularity and high demand, so there are a lots of programs which is wrote to be work in Windows operating system. Back to computer manufacture, each PC that preinstall with the Windows operating system must be genuine. The charge for the operating system at the end will be pay by the end users. From there Microsoft get a lo t of income from the licenses. Because of the needed of collaboration with different parties, Microsoft need to release their road map or preview of the new software in advance order to let or encourage or make sure the manufactures to build their offerings around Microsoft new systems. Sure, this will only let Microsoft a stranglehold on the software market. For Apple, it is totally different. Apple hardware is a close architecture, so only Apple proprietary software can match with proprietary hardware. It is totally black box operations. Mac OS X is just for Apple Mac computers, iPhone OS just for Apple iPhone or iPod. Apple have different keyboard layout, different connector for video output. By using iPod or iPhone, the only software that you can sync with is by using iTunes. Unlike Windows mobile operating system or Windows operating system that is designed to work on any participating computer or handset. So there is totally no openness and interoperability in Apple compare to Microsoft. Due to that close looped and high prices, less people which the Mac OS X market share less than 5% and the software that operable on the Mac OS X is quite limited and the driver for peripherals hardware that work with Mac OS X also limited. But on the other hand, because of the ecosystem, Apple can design the combination of hardware and software tha t work well together, this can ensure that whole system is running smoothly and to enhance the user experience which others cant deliver. The advantage for Apple is they only write the software for their own hardware so there are fewer problems, for Microsoft, as they need to support all of the variant hardware then it run on, so there will be more problems to deal with. 5.1.3 How to reach customers The third point is how the both company reach their customers. Usually there are three ways to reach the customers, first is through the official online store, secondly is directly through the concept store and the last and the most important method is through advertisement. The Microsoft online store aka Microsoft Marketplace offers all the latest products from Microsoft and computer or hardware by third party manufactures. It provides all the specifications, minimum requirements, pricing, comparison between products and other details that will be need by the buyers. User can select the products and add into cart then directly pay by credit card to get the products. Unfortunately, Microsoft Marketplace just available to selected countries only which exclude Malaysia. Beside for the software for computer, Microsoft also provides the software for smart phone. For the Windows mobile platform there is a special store or platform for users to view and download the applications, games tha t create by third party developer which name as Windows marketplace for mobile. The virtual store is not enough to interact with users. So why the concept store is so important? It is because there are demands for users to physically experience the stuff, to introduce to the new technology and get the direct help from the professionals. So it leads to opening of the official concept store. For Microsoft, they have total two Microsoft store at United States, both open in 2009. Microsoft store is target to improve the customers retail purchase experience for Microsoft products, provide opinions and help consumers to make decisions with their PC and software purchases. The store provide wide variety of products, it offers both hardware and software that create by Microsoft such as Microsoft windows, Microsoft office, Xbox 360, Zune potable media player etc. It also offers the personal computers that manufactured by third parties manufactures such as HP, IBM, Dell etc. Most of the PC peripherals and accessories can be found in the store too. For both hardware part a nd software part, customers can have a test drive at there about all the new technologies or functions that provide by Microsoft for new software and entertain their self with Xbox 360 or the Zune. There is also a corner named as Answer bar which duty by the Microsoft professional with the meaning of helps to answer and troubleshoot the problems about Microsoft products. Beside the normal customer service, they also provide the after sales service at there. For the faulty Microsoft hardware can be send to there for the repair. Class sessions also provided to introduce to the new users to highlight all the basic and new functions. For Apple, same as Microsoft, they have both the online store and the concept store so call Apple Store. But both the Apple online store and concept store are quite different with the Microsoft. For Microsoft the main idea is for promote and introduce their product to the public and not sales. This is because personal computer can buy from the manufacture and maybe the manufacture provides more promotions or offers. For the software part, most of them are bundle with the new computers. But this is totally different for Apple. For Apple, all the software and hardware are custom by themselves. So they are the only one who provides the service or warranty. All the faulty hardware which cant solve by the authorized distributor is send back to Apple. For Microsoft, they just provide online store for few countries, but for Apple, they provide the online store for most of the country in the world which all the price are display in the local currency. For Apple online store, they provide bot h the hardware and software from themselves and third party too. The special about the Apple online store is they provide the education discount for both the students and lectures. The education prices are lower than market price, so that it can encourage the students or lectures to switch to the Apple ecosystem more affordable. As mention above, Apple website is the only way to get the new information about the Apple. So as the online store, it is the only way to get information about the updates or refresh of the current Apple product lines. When the online store is down, there are only two possibilities, one is for maintenance and another is for product update. Beside the online store, there are other stores such as Apps Store which provide the applications for the ipod touch, iphone and ipad by third parties. Itunes store to sell the music, video, ringtone, drama to both the mac and windows users. For Apple concept store, there are totally 286 stores in worldwide. Inside the store provide all the product range from Apple. In order to run the store effectively and achieve high customers stratifications, all the staff are been well trained for specific tasks. The level of training depends on the post that currently holds. First is store manager that in charge of whole team members, evaluate their performance and manage the profitability. Second is concierge/ specialist, there are quite a numbers of specialist such as Inventory Control, Back of House and Personal Shopping Specialist. For Personal Shopping Specialist they performs assorted customer service tasks, such as conduct product sales and answers enquires about Apple products and their main task is to deliver unique shopping experience to customers . Third is Creative which been well trained to provides training or advice, teach about all Apples software and pro applications to customers. As Apple very focus about the cust omer service and from the statistic of Customer Service Champs 2010 that done from the BusinessWeek magazine, Apple get 3rd rank which is highest among all the computer manufacture. Last but not least, there is also Apple Genius that serves at the Genius Bar to diagnoses and identifies the possible problems, perform repairing, replacement services for the products that under recall or needed and provide technical support to Apple users. To attract the visitors to Apple store, Apple had made many affords. One of it is the architecture and interior design. In a results, numerous architectural awards been award to its store designs, so thats make it Apple Store so unique to each others such as the Apple Store at the 5th Avenue of New York. It is the underground store which its entrance is a big glass cube. The most unique and eyes catching interior design is the glass staircase that leads to the underground store. Beside that the glass staircase was awarded design pattern in 2002.[11] For the advertising part, both companies almost perform same to each other. First is by sending email. This is because it is a most cost effective way. Usually the email will introduce either the new products or the promotion of the current products. By sending the email or newsletter to the subscriber, it can create the awareness of the customers towards the advertisement, help to create loyal customers and serve as a reminder. Through the email newsletters that send, the direct sales can be increase and will lead to increase the income. Nowadays, the usages of the search engines are part of the daily life. Just key the website or information that wishes to look for at the search engine, and you will get the page that require. So advertising through the search engine is the way to do so. Search engine company provide paid search advertising at the top of the all the results when the keywords are matched. This allow interested visitor to browse the details, increase the business revenue and reduce spending limit. For Apple, for the major products such as iPod, iPhone and iPad, or when there are major improvements over old products, they will publish the advertisement video to introduce the features or the uniqueness of the products. Besides that, the most famous Apple advertisement is the Get a Mac, which use to compare between the PC and Mac computer. To compete with the advertisement, Microsoft creates Im PC advertisements which focus on the price of PC which is cheaper over Mac computers. Another strategy which use by Microsoft and later follow by Apple is use the strength of social media. By using social media, the end users or customers will help to spread out the information which is product advertising. The reviews by the professionals or pioneers are post at the Facebook or Youtube to introduce their products. Communicate with the users are important for Microsoft strategy, so they create blogs, discussion groups on forum or social networking website such as Facebook or even Twitter to provide the frequent information updates about new products and use the platform as the brand ambassador to increase to adoption rate of new products. From listening the feedback rather than self defend can help Microsoft to improve and create better products. As discussed above, the suggestions or opinions from users act as a feedback look and make a whole close loop ecosystem. For Apple, there are two official Facebook page, one for iTunes and another for Apps Store. The content include introduce the new apps or song and direct link to the store for further purchasing, which is another way to promote the items. Overall, the social media can be effective tool for marketing, it also allow user to voice their opinions and suggestions and participate in the product development cycle, which result better products for better future. [12] 5.2 Compare and Contrast of Innovations 5.2.1 Apple Innovations According to the survey percent of people thinks that Apple is more innovative. It is a norm where when discuss about innovation, most computer and electronics consumers will focus and chasing for Apple, and that why Forbes Magazine ranked Apple in 1st place for most admired company for innovation. The formula for Apple is keep increase the spending for RD, keep innovate, keep launch the new products or updates and lastly keep the competitors far behind. Apple do innovate quite a number of technologies, but it is surprise that in many cases Apple do help to push the technologies in the mainstream but Apple did not invent the core technologies. Steve jobs said that You cant ask people what they want next, they wont know, they cant tell you what they want next, they just know when they see it and feel that it gonna be right things. First of all is graphical user interface (GUI). The GUI was introduced by Apple in 1984 named as Mac OS pairing with its Apple Lisa computer and changes the computer industry since ever. Before the introduction of GUI to public, all the personal computers were power by dot matrix command line operating system, to execute any command, user need to type in the command and the interaction and it is not user friendly at all. In the truth is the GUI generally credited to Xerox because the idea is get from Xerox when Steve Jobs and other Apple executives visit the Xerox research center in 1979. On the other hand, Apple do help to innovate for GUI, Apple include the drag and drop, double click, menu bar at top of the screen with pull down menu. All the steps follow by Microsoft with release Windows 1.0 in late 1985. [13] With the introduced of GUI in Mac OS, Apple introduced the mouse to be the pointer for its GUI. Apple did not invent the mouse, the mouse was invent by Douglas Engelbart and ship with Xerox workstations in 1981. As a result of population, nowadays all the desktop computer must pair with a keyboard and mouse. [14] The successor for Apple Lisa is Apple Macintosh. It is the first commercially successful all in one personal computer feature with GUI and mouse. All in one computer not the original idea from Apple as older 8 bit computers such as Commodore PET and Kaypro implemented this concept first. [15] After Steve Jobs back in 1997, he announced iMac in 1998 which is all in one computer which brightly colored transparent casing for monitor, keyboard and mouse. This is the 1st computer for Apple to return its profitability after return if Steve. Since then iMac been categorized as mid range price computer and the newest of iMac feature 21.5 and 27 inch LCD screen. As the uniqueness and the all in one pc reduce the space consumption, nowadays other manufacture such as NEC, LENOVO, DELL release their own all in one pc with Windows OS to grab the market share of all in one pc. Another story for introduction of iMac in 1998 is abandoning old technology such as remove the floppy disk drive. The remove of floppy was

The Pearl :: essays research papers

The Pearl: Prequel It was a dark and stormy night ... no that's not it. It was a beautiful sunny day ... not it either. Could it be uhh... On that rainy day when the sea would not quit, the sky growled and men shuttered in their huts. That's it !! Well now that I seem to temporarily regained my memory Ill tell you the story of that horrible season of the oyster conference. What's that you don't know what the oyster conference is! You see it is a time when the oysters of the world gather together in their respective clans and decide who shall carry the pearl of power. These pearls are no ordinary pearls. They were not made by an oyster but were forged by the pillar. This pillar was the giver of power before the pestilence of man arrived. Now the pillar does not exist due to the carelessness of man. To keep order among the oysters they gathered all the pearls forged by the pillar and cursed them so that if man found one in the leader oyster it would destroy the finder and find its way back to the sea.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  This conference I told you about is a great as well as horrible experience for all the oysters. Triumph and defeat lurks around all corners. The contending oysters must run the test and those standing at the end must do it again until one oyster stands. This was the first time in history that more than three tests had to be run. It came down to Chuck the clan favorite and Tinagel the outcast. Finally with a little cheating and a lot of dishonesty Chuck took the pearl to gain its power till the coming year when he would relinquish control of the pearl. Tintagel knew this fact but was jealous and devised a plan to steal the pearl by poisoning Chuck. The next few days Tintagel spent carefully gathering all the equipment and materials he'd need to complete his plan. Then after his materials were gathered he mixed and organized them in perfect blend. He had them delivered to Chuck and unknowingly took the poison. There was but a single fact overlooked by Tintagel and that was the power of the pearl. Instead of killing Chuck it made him diseased and mentally insane. He starts to disconnect himself from reality. Oysters begin to fear him. Perturbed by what he has done Tintagel leaves the colony which means certain death and is never heard from again. Meanwhile back at the farm ma's killin off da injuns The Pearl :: essays research papers The Pearl: Prequel It was a dark and stormy night ... no that's not it. It was a beautiful sunny day ... not it either. Could it be uhh... On that rainy day when the sea would not quit, the sky growled and men shuttered in their huts. That's it !! Well now that I seem to temporarily regained my memory Ill tell you the story of that horrible season of the oyster conference. What's that you don't know what the oyster conference is! You see it is a time when the oysters of the world gather together in their respective clans and decide who shall carry the pearl of power. These pearls are no ordinary pearls. They were not made by an oyster but were forged by the pillar. This pillar was the giver of power before the pestilence of man arrived. Now the pillar does not exist due to the carelessness of man. To keep order among the oysters they gathered all the pearls forged by the pillar and cursed them so that if man found one in the leader oyster it would destroy the finder and find its way back to the sea.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  This conference I told you about is a great as well as horrible experience for all the oysters. Triumph and defeat lurks around all corners. The contending oysters must run the test and those standing at the end must do it again until one oyster stands. This was the first time in history that more than three tests had to be run. It came down to Chuck the clan favorite and Tinagel the outcast. Finally with a little cheating and a lot of dishonesty Chuck took the pearl to gain its power till the coming year when he would relinquish control of the pearl. Tintagel knew this fact but was jealous and devised a plan to steal the pearl by poisoning Chuck. The next few days Tintagel spent carefully gathering all the equipment and materials he'd need to complete his plan. Then after his materials were gathered he mixed and organized them in perfect blend. He had them delivered to Chuck and unknowingly took the poison. There was but a single fact overlooked by Tintagel and that was the power of the pearl. Instead of killing Chuck it made him diseased and mentally insane. He starts to disconnect himself from reality. Oysters begin to fear him. Perturbed by what he has done Tintagel leaves the colony which means certain death and is never heard from again. Meanwhile back at the farm ma's killin off da injuns

Fizzy drinks Essay

Aim The aim of the experiment is to check whether pH of the chosen fizzy drink is basic, neutral or acidic. To find the answer the titration method will be used. The chosen fizzy drink will be Sprite due to its transparency (it is easy to see when the color changes during the experiment). Hypothesis Sprite will probably have acidic pH (smaller than 7) as one of ingredients is citric acid. However as it is drink used by people pH cannot be to small as it would be harmful to the human organism. As I checked pH of Sprite should oscillate somewhere around 2.75. Theory â€Å"A titration is a method of analysis that will allow you to determine the precise endpoint of a reaction and therefore the precise quantity of reactant in the titration flask. A buret is used to deliver the second reactant to the flask and an indicator or pH Meter is used to detect the endpoint of the reaction. A typical titration begins with a beaker or Erlenmeyer flask containing a precise volume of the reactant and a small amount of indicator, placed underneath a burette containing the reagent. By controlling the amount of reagent added to the reactant, it is possible to detect the point at which the indicator changes colour. As long as the indicator has been chosen correctly, this should also be the point where the reactant and reagent neutralise each other, and, by reading the scale on the burette, the volume of reagent can be measured. As the concentration of the reagent is known, the number of moles of reagent can be calculated (since concentration = moles / volume). Then, from the chemical equation involving the two substances, the number of moles present in the reactant can be found. Finally, by dividing the number of moles of reactant by its volume, the concentration is calculated.† In this case phenolphthalein is the indicator as it stays transparent in the acidic or neutral environment and changes its color into pink in the acidic environment. Materials – NaOH – 5g – Sprite – 125 ml – Phenolphthalein – Distillated water 250ml Apparatus – balance – burette – spatula – Erlenmeyer flask – Beaker – Cylinder Variables – volume of NaOH – type of fizzy drink – volume of the fizzy drink – precision Procedure 1. Prepare all needed apparatus and substances 2. Weight 5g of solid NaOH and put it into beaker 3. Fill the beaker with 250 ml of distilled water to make 0.5 mol NaOH solution 4. Fill the burette with NaOH solution and write down to what level the burette is filled so you can later know how many of the solution was needed to neutralize fizzy drink 5. Measure 25 ml of Sprite in the cylinder 6. Put 25 ml of Sprite into the flask 7. Add to it 4 drops of phenolphthalein 8. Put the flask under the burette 9. Slowly pour the NaOH solution into the flask with Sprite 10. When the color of Sprite is pink stop the titration (it is important to be precise) 11. Write down how many NaOH solution was needed to neutralize your fizzy drink 12. Repeat steps 4-11 five times to get some more reliable results 13. After you finished your experiment neutralize NaOH solution that you still have and then clean the equipment you used during the experiment. Safety guidelines !!! – Work areas should be arranged so that a person does not need to travel through a high-hazard area while attempting to exit the laboratory during an emergency. !!! – Eyewashes and showers must be accessible to all chemical laboratories. !!! – Do not consume food and drink in the laboratory. !!! – Wear your googles and gloves to protect your eyes and skin !!! – Move in the labolatory carefully !!! – Keep the labolatory clean in order to prevent any accidents !!! – Pay particular attention to the protection of eyes and skin because NaOH can couse damage to your. !!! – Confine long hair while working in a labolatory. !!! – Do not panic if you have done something in a wrong way, just report your teacher and do what he/she has said !!! – Flush away all accidentally spilled substances with water and report your teacher !!! – Neutralize the remaining substances and remove them from equipment !!! – Wear your gown while working in lab Data Collection number of the test Initial quantity of NaOH solution in burette (in ml) Final quantity of NaOH solution in burette(in ml) Quantity of NaOH solution used to neutralize fizzy drink(in ml) Table 1. data collected during the experiment Data Processing and Presentation In order to find the pH of Sprite at first the average quantity of NaOH solution used to neutralize the fizzy drink has to be calculated: ml In order to make some other calculations ml has to be changed to dm3 1 dm3 = 1000 ml Hence: 5.18/1000 = 0.00518 dm3 Next the number of moles of NaOH solution used in the experiment has to be determined from the formula Where: n is number of moles C is molar concentration V is volume in dm3 Hence: Next the number of H+ ions in the solution has to be determined using the following formula: , where [H+] is the molar concentration n is number of moles of H+ ions V is the volume of the solution As number of moles of OH- ions in the solution is equal to the number of moles of H+ ions, nH+ = nOH- = 0.00259mol By knowing this pH of Sprite can be calculated by using the formula below: pH = -log[H+] pH = -log0.1036 pH = 0.98464 Conclusions The result obtained in the experiment differs a lot from the reality (pH is approximately 2.75). Even not knowing the proper value of pH of Sprite it is rather obvious that the result is wrong as no substance drank by human can have such a little pH. This would destroy our organism and therefore could not be sold as a fizzy drink. The percentage error equals: This is a huge difference and it can be explained by a number of reasons: 1. we did not catch the exact moment of neutralization but the moment, when the mixture was already basic so, this difference in time can be crucial 2. little differences in measurements during the experiment could also be the cause of mistake 3. the time when the color of phenolphthalein did not disappear could be measured wrong and that can be another cause of mistake Summing up these sources of mistake could not change the result in such a great extend – 279%. Although the results of the experiment were imprecise, the aim was partially achieved. Sprite was proved to have acidic pH. Evaluation The experiment could be done on some greater amounts of Sprite so that the results would be more precise. Although 5 tests were made, maybe some more should be done to make the data collected during the experiment more reliable. Besides that it is hard to find some other ways to make the experiment better or more reliable as the titration method is quite precise and the results should not differ much from the reality. Sources: – â€Å"Chemistry for the IB Diploma (standard and higher level)† by Geoff Neuss – â€Å"Chemistry† (second edition) by John Green and Sandru Damji – www.en.wikipedia.org entry: titration

Peaceful Protest Essays

Peaceful Protest Essays Peaceful Protest Essay Peaceful Protest Essay Dear Squealer, I am writing to you to ask for your help, I consider you as someone who I can trust and confide with. At the moment I cannot reveal my whereabouts in case this document falls into the wrong hands, Napoleon! I will get straight to the point; our current situation is looking very bleak, I fear for both your life and mine. Napoleon has been abusing our new society on Animal farm and he will do astonishing things to achieve what he wants. He is slowly gaining power over us and our comrades; he has changed Animalism into a dictatorship led by him! Our lives will be his and only for his wishes, we have and will be turned into personal slaves for Napoleon to have at his disposal. He will change issues that we use to believe in; he will brain wash us into believing what he wants us to. I need your help to stop this tyrant. What I propose is that we join together to from a new equal society, run by ourselves. This new society will stand for every animal that accepts the societys beliefs; it will be a society that lives in peace and harmony. I want to make a enthuses on being equal, after all that was what Animalism stood for, no animals have any higher right than another animal. You and myself will not have a leadership or any sort of control over the other animals; we will just keep peace and order. I seriously think that my idea and theory would be a great success if you were appeared to join me and overthrow this tyrant from his reign of terror. I have took much time and effort over thinking how we are going to overthrow Napoleon, I have come up with a cunning plan! It does not involve fighting or any sort of physical campaign against Napoleon. It is the idea of Peaceful Protest; we will organise marches and demonstrations through Animal Farm. Also, if the animals boycott Napoleons slave labour and any sort of activities, which would help Napoleons empire. One of the main areas, which I think would be good to boycott, is Napoleons food supply, without food his empire will slowly melt down. I say slowly because we may not achieve our aim of a peaceful society quickly. It could be a slow and tedious task but the results at the end will be very satisfying. I have been reading up on Peaceful Protest and I came to a conclusion yesterday that it would be the best way of going about overthrowing Napoleon. By making peaceful protests it would also represent what our new society believes in, animals being equal and peaceful! By all means if you have an idea or theory which you think would be much more practical than mine I am open to suggestions.

Check The Reliability And Validity Management Essay Essays

Check The Reliability And Validity Management Essay Essays Check The Reliability And Validity Management Essay Essay Check The Reliability And Validity Management Essay Essay An empirical attack with a questionnaire study method was used in this research. This chapter describes the instruments used in this survey, the informations aggregation processs, the population and sample, and the information analysis techniques used to reply the survey s research inquiries. Instrument This survey used a quantitative research design with a self-report questionnaire to analyze the impact of larning organisation patterns on SMEs organisational committedness and effectivity. The study used three bing instruments based on theoretical and empirical foundations ( e.g. , Wang, 2005 ) : learning organisation patterns ( Marsick A ; Watkins, 2003 ) , organisational committedness ( Mowday et al. , 1979 ) , and organisational effectivity ( Taylor A ; Bower, 1972 ) . The three instruments were refined and integrated into one questionnaire, and the contents of the three instruments were modified. Description of the Instruments It was necessary to find if the instrument had equal psychometric belongingss and incontrovertible concept cogency ( Yang, Watkins, A ; Marsick, 2004 ) . Based on Yang ( 2003 ) and Yang, Watkins, and Marsick ( 2004 ) , this survey used collateral factor analysis ( CFA ) to measure the concept cogency for each of the DLOQ, OCQ, and SOO ( Yang, 2003 ) in the Faisalabad SME context. The cogency and dependability of the DLOQ has been confirmed by many empirical surveies ( Ellinger et al. , 2002 ; Marsick A ; Watkins, 2003 ; Wang, 2005 ; Watkins A ; Marsick, 2003 ; Yang, 2003 ; Yang, Watkins, A ; Marsick, 2004 ) . Ellinger et Al. ( 2002 ) assessed the concept proof of DLOQ from collateral factor analysis and confirmed that larning organisation civilization is a multidimensional concept, and the seven-dimension construction supports a strong linkage between larning organisation civilization and organisational public presentation. Learning Organization Practices The Dimensions of Learning Organization Questionnaire ( DLOQ ) ( Marsick A ; Watkins, 1999, 2003 ; Watkins A ; Marsick, 1993, 1996, 1997 ) was selected to measure the grade of larning organisation patterns. Marsick and Watkins ( 2003 ) developed a seven-dimension questionnaire to show the value of an organisation s acquisition patterns. The questionnaire used a six-point Likert-type graduated table and included 43 points covering single, squad or group, and organisational degrees in the seven dimensions: ( 1 ) create uninterrupted larning chances, 7 points ; ( 2 ) promote enquiry and duologue, 6 points ; ( 3 ) encourage coaction and squad acquisition, 6 points ; ( 4 ) create systems to gaining control and portion acquisition, 6 points ; ( 5 ) empower people toward a corporate vision, 6 points ; ( 6 ) connect the endeavor to incubator environment, 6 points ; and ( 7 ) provide strategic leading for acquisition, 6 points ( Marsick A ; Watkins, 2003 ; Watkins A ; Marsick, 1997 ) . Th e six-point response graduated table determined the grade to which each point is or is non true of the organisation, runing from Almost Never ( 1 ) to Almost Always ( 6 ) ( Marsick A ; Watkins, 2003 ) . The public-service corporation of the DLOQ has been verified in several recent empirical surveies conducted in English contexts ( e.g. , Ellinger, Ellinger, Yang, A ; Howton, 2002 ; Marsick A ; Watkins, 2003 ; Watkins A ; Marsick, 2003 ; Yang, Watkins, A ; Marsick, 2004 ) , Chinese contexts ( e.g. , Lien, Hung, Yang, A ; Li, 2006 ; Lin, 2006 ; Wang, 2005 ; Zhang, Zhang, A ; Yang, 2004 ) , and Korean contexts ( Joo, 2007 ; Lim, 2003 ; Park, 2007 ) . These surveies have indicated that the DLOQ has acceptable dependability estimations, and the seven-dimensional construction fits the empirical information moderately good ( Lien, Hung, Yang, A ; Li, 2006 ) . Yang et Al. ( 2004 ) performed a wide series of explorative and collateral factor analyses and determined that a decreased 21-item instrument is a superior measuring theoretical account to the original 43-item theoretical account. They suggested utilizing two versions of the instrument, one using 43 points as a practical diagno stic tool, and the shorter version with 21 measurement points for research intents, as the latter has superior psychometric belongingss ( Lien et al. , 2006 ; Yang et al. , 2004 ) . This survey used the 21-item instrument to turn to larning organisation patterns as the first portion of the amalgamate questionnaire ( see Appendix A ) . In the questionnaire, points 1-3 step uninterrupted acquisition ; points 4-6, enquiry and duologue ; points 7-9, coaction and squad acquisition ; points 10-12, creative activity of systems ; points 13-15, authorization of people ; points 16-18, connexion of the organisation ; and points 19-21, strategic leading. The original 6-point graduated table of the 21 points was converted to a five-point Likert-type graduated table, runing from Strongly Disagree ( 1 ) to Strongly Agree ( 5 ) for consistence across all points in the amalgamate questionnaire. Organizational Committedness Harmonizing to Mowday et Al. ( 1979 ) , the OCQ used a seven-point Likert-type graduated table and included 15 points in three primary constituents of the concept: ( 1 ) a willingness to exercise considerable attempt on behalf of the organisation ; 4 points, including 1 negatively phrased and change by reversal scored point ; ( 2 ) a strong belief in and credence of the organisation s ends and values ; 4 points, including 1 negatively phrased and change by reversal scored point ; and ( 3 ) a strong desire to keep rank in the organisation ; 7 points, including 4 negatively phrased and change by reversal scored points. Responses to each point in the OCQ used a seven-point graduated table with ground tackles labelled from Strongly Disagree ( 1 ) to Strongly Agree ( 7 ) . In several surveies, a nine-item short-form of the instrument utilizing merely positively worded points was administered ( Mowday et al. , 1979 ) . Consistent with Mowday et Al. ( 1979 ) , the amalgamate questionnai re of this survey used this nine-item short-form: 3 points from the constituent of willingness to exercise attempt on behalf of the organisation ; 3 points from the constituent of grade of end and value congruency with the organisation ; and 3 points from the constituent of desire to keep rank. Then, for fusion intents, the original 7-point graduated table of the 9 points was converted to a five-point Likert-type graduated table runing from Strongly Disagree ( 1 ) to Strongly Agree ( 5 ) . In the questionnaire ( see Appendix A ) , points numbered 22-24 step willingness to exercise attempt ; points numbered 25-27 step the grade of end and value congruency ; and points numbered 28-30 step the desire to keep rank. Organizational Effectiveness In this survey, Taylor and Bowers ( 1972 ) Survey of Organizations ( SOO ) instrument was used to mensurate the organisational effectivity of SMEs. The SOO is a machine-scored, standardised instrument developed since 1966 by the Organizationa l Development Research Program of the Institute for Social Research ( ISR ) at the University of Michigan ( Taylor A ; Bowers, 1972 ) . It is one of the most popular steps of organisational effectivity and dimensions in current research ( Cummings A ; Worley, 2005 ) . In the SOO, harmonizing to Taylor and Bowers ( 1972 ) , there are 20 indices in three spheres, including leading, organisational clime, and satisfaction. Eight indices exist under the leading sphere: ( 1 ) managerial support, ( 2 ) managerial end accent, ( 3 ) managerial work facilitation, ( 4 ) managerial interaction facilitation, ( 5 ) equal support, ( 6 ) equal end accent, ( 7 ) equal work facilitation, and ( 8 ) equal interaction facilitation. The following five indices are under the organisational clime sphere: ( 9 ) technological preparedness, ( 10 ) human resources primacy, ( 11 ) communicating flow, ( 12 ) motivational conditions, and ( 13 ) decision-making patterns. The concluding seven indices are under the sphere of satisfaction: ( 14 ) satisfaction with work group, ( 15 ) satisfaction with supervisor, ( 16 ) satisfaction with occupation, ( 17 ) satisfaction with organisation, ( 18 ) satisfaction with wage, ( 19 ) satisfaction with advancement now, and ( 20 ) satisfaction with future advancement ( Taylor A ; Bowers, 1972 ) . The phrasing of the points was intended to give a descriptive instead than an explicitly appraising appraisal of organisational features ( Wood, 1974 ) . A standard 5-point Likert-type graduated table response set was used in the SOO questionnaire, runing from Not at all ( 1 ) to To a really great extent ( 5 ) ( Taylor A ; Bowers, 1972 ) . In the amalgamate questionnaire ( see Appendix A ) , 8 leading subscales in organisational effectivity comprise points 31-38 ; 5 organisational clime subscales in organisational effectivity comprise points 39-43 ; and 7 satisfaction subscales in organisational effectivity comprise points 44-50. The 5-point graduated table response options for these points were applied to aline with the remainder of the questionnaire. Demographics Demographic features are variables that could impact larning organisation patterns, organisational committedness, and organisational effectivity. Therefore, eight demographic points covering gender, age, instruction degree, primary duty, old ages of the endeavor in operation, figure of employees, incubated start-up, and outstanding award. The demographic points, numbered 51-58, were included in the questionnaire to qualify the varied position of larning organisation patterns, organisational committedness, and organisational effectivity in SMEs. Questionnaire Scale In this survey, a 5-point Likert-type graduated table was used in the amalgamate questionnaire to supply a unimode design ( Dillman, 2007 ) , whereas the original instruments used three different graduated tables. Dillman ( 2007 ) pointed out that cut downing the figure of response classs may be more of import as research workers move towards greater usage of electronic mail and Web studies in which the desire to acquire all response picks onto one screen encourages surveyors to utilize fewer response picks. Therefore, the consequence of cut downing the graduated table from the original graduated table into a simplified graduated table ( five-point ) in the survey was positive because it increased the likeliness ( Schaefer A ; Dillman, 1998 ) that the participants would hold more involvement in reacting to the simplified graduated table questionnaire online. Further, holding different graduated tables for parts of a study could be confounding to respondents and could make some troub les in statistical analysis. Testing the scale dependability: The most of import thing is to look into the dependability and cogency of a graduated table before utilizing it in the survey. There are two elements that check the internal consistence and dependability of a graduated table and dependability coefficient is 0.50-0.60 to look into the dependability of a concept and its comparative index. The indexs that are as whole used for the measuring of each concept of larning organisation patterns, organisational committedness and organisational effectivity. We used the SSPS package for the informations entry of our responses and informations analysis to farther go on our survey. We did two types of analysis to look into the dependability and consistence of our graduated table. Reliability is the quality of measuring bespeaking the grade to which the step is consistent, that is, perennial measurings would give the same consequences. Consistency is a portion of dependability. For look intoing the dependability of our graduated table foremost of all we entered our responses which were in the signifier of 150 questionnaires to employees, but received 138 responses, but in which 20 questionnaire are faulty and after informations entry in SPSS package we compute the values of three variables, Learning organisation patterns, organisational committedness and organisational effectivity. Factor Analysis and Reliability trial: In SPSS package our work was in informations position, analyse, so informations decrease and travel for factor analysis in which we choose our first variable showed trying adequateness of.841 and significance of.00 which shows the goodness of our graduated table. Dependability Statisticss Cronbach s Alpha Cronbach s Alpha Based on Standardized Items N of Items .841 .865 3 Data Collection We used random trying for the aggregation of the informations.A sample of 150 was chosen at random from the mark population. The informations have been roll uping from the emerging market of the Faisalabad Pakistan. In this survey, of the 150 random selected samples, 108 responded from the targeted sample. The questionnaire was carefully designed but 20 questionnaires are faulty in their response and staying have non given their responses. Non faulty questionnaire responses mean that all the points in the questionnaire were completed carefully. Datas Analysis The research informations were collected to carry on informations analysis and compute statistics. And these statistics were including mean, standard divergence and eventually correlativity analysis was used to find the impact of the learning organisation patterns, organisation committedness and organisational effectivity. Consequences By analysis of the research informations utilizing statistics tools, we get consequences which show the relationship between larning organisation patterns, organisational committedness and organisational effectivity. Correlation values between.10 and.30 are referred to as hebdomad positive relationship, between.40 to.60 as moderate positive relationship and.70 and above every bit high positive relationship. Descriptive Statisticss Mean Std. Deviation Nitrogen Learning organisation patterns 4.23 .255 108 organisational committedness 4.09 .252 108 Correlations Learning organisation patterns organisational committedness Learning organisation patterns Pearson Correlation 1 .726 ( ** ) Sig. ( 2-tailed ) .000 Nitrogen 108 108 organisational committedness Pearson Correlation .726 ( ** ) 1 Sig. ( 2-tailed ) .000 Nitrogen 108 108 ** Correlation is important at the 0.01 degree ( 2-tailed ) . As shown in the table correlativity among the organisational patterns and the organisational committedness is 0.726 which have a strong positive relationship which runing from.70 or supra. Descriptive Statisticss Mean Std. Deviation Nitrogen Learning organisation patterns 4.23 .255 108 Organizational effectivity 3.05 .247 108 Correlations Learning organisation patterns Organizational effectivity Learning organisation patterns Pearson Correlation 1 .754 ( ** ) Sig. ( 2-tailed ) .000 Nitrogen 108 108 Organizational effectivity Pearson Correlation .754 ( ** ) 1 Sig. ( 2-tailed ) .000 Nitrogen 108 108 ** Correlation is important at the 0.01 degree ( 2-tailed ) . As shown in the table correlativity among the organisational patterns and the organisational committedness is 0.754 which have a strong positive relationship which runing from.70 or supra. Descriptive Statisticss Mean Std. Deviation Nitrogen Organizational committedness 4.09 .252 108 Organizational effectivity 3.05 .247 108 Correlations Organizational committedness Organizational effectivity Organizational committedness Pearson Correlation 1 .564 ( ** ) Sig. ( 2-tailed ) .000 Nitrogen 108 108 Organizational effectivity Pearson Correlation .564 ( ** ) 1 Sig. ( 2-tailed ) .000 Nitrogen 108 108 ** Correlation is important at the 0.01 degree ( 2-tailed ) . As shown in the table correlativity among the organisational patterns and the organisational committedness is 0.564 which have a moderate positive relationship which runing from.70 or supra. These consequences indicate that ( 1 ) The employee s willingness ( OC1 ) has a strong association with leading ( OE1 ) , which approves hypothesis 3a. ( 2 ) The employee s willingness ( OC1 ) has a strong association with organisational clime ( OE2 ) , which approves hypothesis 3b. ( 3 ) The employee s willingness ( OC1 ) has a strong association with satisfaction ( OE3 ) , which approves hypothesis 3c. ( 4 ) The grade of end and value congruency ( OC2 ) has a strong association with leading ( OE1 ) , which approves hypothesis 3d. ( 5 ) The grade of end and value congruency ( OC2 ) has a strong association with organisational clime ( OE2 ) , which approves hypothesis 3e. ( 6 ) The grade of end and value congruency ( OC2 ) has a strong association with satisfaction ( OE3 ) , which approves hypothesis 3f. ( 7 ) The employee s desire to keep rank ( OC3 ) has a strong association with leading ( OE1 ) , which approves hypothesis 3g. ( 8 ) The employee s desire to keep rank ( OC3 ) has a strong association with organisational clime ( OE2 ) , which approves hypothesis 3h. ( 9 ) The employee s desire to keep rank ( OC3 ) has a strong association with satisfaction ( OE3 ) , which approves hypothesis 3i. Based on the overall agencies and standard divergence calculated from questionnaire and the survey found the participant in the sample and given the highest mark to the learning organisation patterns and average overall mark to the organisational committedness and in the last the organisational effectivity. The correlativity between larning organisation patterns, organisational committedness and organisational effectivity are moderate to strong and the SMEs indicate that larning organisation patterns have the strong impact on the organisational committedness and organisational effectivity. Discussion In footings of gender, the results described that there were no gender differences in most of the dimensions of larning organisation patterns, but the two dimensions of coaction and squad acquisition and supplying strategic leading for larning in which males scored higher. This procedure demonstrated that both work forces and adult females pay equal attending to larning organisation patterns. Males may be given more attending than the females. In regard to age, people aged 50 or more than the 50 give the highest Markss and people who have aged 40 or more than 40 give the lowest Markss to larning organisation patterns dimensions. This tendency demonstrate that the oldest group have the healthiest comprehension of the believes to larn the aims of larning organisation patterns. In footings of instruction degree, in SMEs all the respondents holding higher instruction degree give the highest tonss. Merely two dimensions of larning organisation patterns, connect the organisation to its environment and empower people toward a corporate version holding no differences. In footings of the employee size variable, the large companies ever score higher than the smaller companies. Merely one dimension strategic leading in larning organisation patterns had no differences. This procedure demonstrated that the big companies have more chance to take part in the patterns of create systems, enquiry and duologue, connect to the environment, uninterrupted acquisition, coaction and squad acquisition, and empower people. The relationships for larning organisation patterns between organisational committedness and organisational effectivity have been studied in many surveies ( Ahmad A ; Bakar, 2003 ; Bartlett, 2001 ; Kontoghiorghes A ; Bryant, 2004 ) , in which all the empirical consequences have elaborated that larning organisation patterns can back up in bettering employee committedness and effectivity toward the organisation. Meanwhile, organisational committedness and effectivity motivated and eager to hike up employee towards motive in the workplace ( Cho A ; Kwon, 2005 ) . In position of the consequences of the old surveies on larning organisation patterns, organisational committedness, and organisational effectivity, the relationships among the three constructs are equal ( Cho A ; Kwon, 2005 ) . The consequences from this survey demonstrate that larning organisation pattern had a strong impact on organisational committedness with a important positive way coefficient ; which represented that the relationship between larning organisation patterns and organisational committedness is equal, and a strong force was occurred from larning organisation patterns to organisational committedness. Therefore, the first hypothesis in this survey was supported. Similarly, larning organisation pattern had a strong impact on organisational effectivity with a moderate positive way coefficient. So, larning organisation patterns plays a cardinal function for cultivating the better committedness and effectivity in organisations. This survey has besides assimilated a new variable, organisational effectivity, in look intoing the relationships between larning organisation patterns an organisational committedness. SEM was utilized in this survey to look into the relationships among the three cardinal organisational variables in Pakistani contexts. The results from this survey propose that larning organisation patterns can be observed as important antecedent factor for organisational committedness, every bit good as an antecedent factor for organisational effectivity. It has a reasonably positive association with organisational effectivity and a strongly positive relation with organisational committedness. Furthermore, the relationship between organisational committedness and organisational effectivity is mutual but non equal. Organizational committedness has a reasonably positive influence on organisational effectivity ; nevertheless, organisational effectivity has a weak positive impact on organisational committedness. The result non merely gives a new way for organisational research on cardinal variables, but besides produces a important suggestion for organisational pattern: Tautening up larning organisation patterns is a wise manner to make organisational effectivity ; a st rong acquisition organisation patterns is good to better the organisational committedness ; and the well-developed organisational committedness is a benefit to further organisational effectivity. Recommendations for Future Research This survey provides the footing for future research to find links among larning organisation patterns, organisational committedness, and organisational effectivity in order to better the apprehension of the function of larning organisation patterns in organisational success. First, in adding to the method among larning organisation patterns, organisational committedness, and organisational effectivity, it is proposed that this research be carried on by utilizing different instrument methods, such as organisation development, invention, and public presentation, because there have been few survey with concern to the impacts of larning organisation patterns on these variables in Pakistani endeavor state of affairss, All of these tools would allow bookmans to research many appraisals of larning organisation patterns. Scholars have mentioned a multidimensional attack ( Rico, Sanchez-Manzanares, Gil, A ; Gibson 2008 ) to develop steps of these links. Second, there is a demand to find the differences among little and moderate-sized endeavors in different types of industries and ownership types, including high-tech houses, government-invested houses, joint ventures, and non-profit organisations. Finally, there is a demand to prove the research theoretical account utilizing multiple methodological analysiss, such as multivariate analysis of discrepancy, instance survey, and qualitative research, to analyze organisation patterns, organisational committedness, and organisational effectivity, and to detect, perceive, or confirm consequences from this empirical survey. Decisions This empirical survey discovered nexus between larning organisation patterns, organisational committedness, and organisational effectivity in Faisalabad Pakistan SME state of affairss. This survey produces many important consequences and parts to exert and research.Founded on the consequences that larning organisation pattern had a strong impact on organisational committedness and effectivity, and organisational committedness has a positive influence on organisational effectivity, it is determined that larning organisation patterns and organisational committedness are the positive confidences by which organisations eventually reach the achievement of organisational effectivity. Three chief results on these inquiries are termed as follows. First, larning organisation patterns can be looked at as an important case in point component for organisational committedness, every bit good as a case in point component for organisational effectivity, and organisational committedness has a positive influence on organisational effectivity in the scene of Pakistani little and moderate-sized endeavors. Second, based on the result that demographic characters and groups have diverse impacts on the three issues, it is decided that diverse gender did hold of import impacts on organisational committedness ; group aged 50 or more mark upper limit in the learning organisation patterns ; higher instruction wages to higher accepting of the value of acquisition, committedness, and effectivity ; assembly with cardinal duty in direction Markss maximum in all three dimensions ; endeavors process old ages over 10 indicate the maximal degree of organisational committedness and effectivi ty ; biggest companies ever mark higher than the smallest companies.