Essay on Joyce’s portrayal of thought in Eveline - 1050 Words

Joyce’s portrayal of thought in â€Å"Eveline† Among the short stories in the collection Dubliners by James Joyce, â€Å"Eveline† is a story wherein the reader views the world through the eyes of the eponymous heroine. In delineating her contemplations, Joyce mainly uses the third person narrative with traces of free indirect discourse. The narration sequence at first glance appears to be highly disconnected. However, it is through the judicious use of both these devices that Joyce succeeds in portraying – with a great deal of realism – the progression of thought in the human mind. By using this peculiar mode of narration, Joyce makes us realize that, the process of thinking is not crisp and continuous after the fashion of a well-crafted†¦show more content†¦Then a man from Belfast bought the field and built houses in it—not like their little brown houses but bright brick houses with shining roofs. The children of the avenue used to play together in that field...† [Underlining mine] (Joyce, 5-12). The underlined words indicate the main ideas in the sentences and one can readily observe that the ideas do not connect between consecutive sentences. Instead, they branch out and reconnect after a while (again through the judicious ‘scattering’ of key words and phrases) giving the (much sought-after) illusion of real human thought. By the use of this device, Joyce portrays the stream of thought as the stochastic process that it is. That the lines quoted above form a part of the protagonist’s reminiscences, is not explicitly stated anywhere in the text. For the most part, Joyce uses indirect speech to convey these thoughts, and this tends to take the focus away from the protagonist. However, the occasional use of the free indirect style brings the focus back to Eveline. For instance, the paragraph partly quoted above (5-12) is full of Eveline’s reminiscences indirect speech. However, we can identify the last sentence in that paragraph as an instance of free indirect discourse from the use of the temporal adverb ‘now’, which is out of place in pure indirect speech: â€Å"Now she was going to go away like the others, toShow MoreRelatedAnalysis of The Novel Dubliners by James Joyce Essay1605 Words   |  7 Pageslooking-glass is Joyces representation of Dublin, which functions akin to an external unconsciousness in that a series of unrelated characters experience similar problems by virtue of their common connection to the city. Furthermore, the characters absorb the city into their identities, creating a symbiotic relationship with it. This renders escape - or emigration - a bifurcation of ones identity, and thus, paralyses characters once a means of escape is revealed to them. Therefore, Joyces Dubliners areRead MoreLecture on Short Story5432 Words   |  22 Pagesartifice whose every part must work in unison towards achieving what he call ed unity or singleness of effect. This idea of perfect calibration is clear in these words: â€Å"A skilful literary artist has constructed a tale. If wise, he has not fashioned his thoughts to accommodate his incidents; but having conceived, with deliberate care, a certain unique or single effect to be wrought out, he then invents such incidents--he then combines such events as may best aid him in establishing this preconceived effect†Read MoreDiscuss Joyce’s Use of Free Indirect Discourse in ‘Counterparts and a Portrait of the Artist as a Young Man1379 Words   |  6 PagesJames Joyce Discuss Joyce’s use of free indirect discourse in Counterparts and A Portrait of the Artist as a Young Man. Joyce utilises free indirect discourse to convey the sense of an individual processing the world around him in an idiosyncratically subjective way. In many of Joyce’s portraits, whether of his Dubliners or of his semi-autobiographical Stephen Dedalus, the narrative is confined by the limitations of the character’s state of mind; as the individual consciousness pervadesRead MoreEssay The Portrayal of Women in James Joyces Dubliners2594 Words   |  11 Pages In Dubliners, women are victims indeed. They are victims of home, of the recognized virtues by society, of classes of life, of religious doctrines, and of women themselves. In this essay, we are going to analyze the portrayal of women in Dubliners in terms of the aforementioned aspects, namely home, the recognized virtues by society, classes of life, religious doctrines and women themselves. The selection above is provided to make student aware of focus of the essay.   The complete essay begins

High School Vs. College Essay - 648 Words

High School vs. College There are many similarities, and differences betweeen high school and college. High School was the best four years of my life. I got in alot of trouble in thoses years, but also had a blast. Now at J.C.C. it is even better than high school, and my eyes are being opened to a whole new world. In Toronto High School you can get away with just about anything. Jefferson Community College is a whole different story. High school begins at eight oclock, and ends around three. You go to the same seven or eight classes every day. You also see the same people you have grown up with since you were little. You have football season, school dances, after school activities, clubs, boys, plays, and a ton of homework. Also†¦show more content†¦You can schedule your classes when they are convenient for you, and you have to live on campus for the first few years. You can go to class when you feel like it, and not have to worry about mom and dad nagging at you to get out of bed. Although college and high school seem totally different there are alot of similarities. Studying is a major part of high school and college and you will not survive without it. You will do alot of this in both high school and college. You also will have attendance taken regularly, and alot of work to fit in your schedule. There are all the activities from high school that you will still be able to participate in in college. You can still go to all of the sports. If you fail a class in College you can just sign up to take it again. In High School if you fail a class tough cookies for you. Instead of going by nine weeks like in High School, you go by semesters. Your holiday breaks are longer in college than in High School. I was so excited to graduate and just be on my own. If I could go back to High School I would in a second. I went on a college visit to The University of Akron and did not want to leave. There were so many things I loved, especially the freedom. On college campuses you have to be very careful, and always have someone with you.There are many similarities between High School and College, but there are many more differences. College is fun, but you need toShow MoreRelatedCollege Vs. High School858 Words   |  4 PagesCollege Vs. High School Some may think that high school and college reading and writing are similar and that it’s just the next level up but it s not, they differentiate in many ways. College reading and writing is more than that, it’s a completely different world when compared to high school. It’s much more advanced and complexed. Some ideas that can be compared are the way we annotate, understand text, assignment topics, the depth of research, and so on. This is important to understanding howRead MoreHigh School Vs. College873 Words   |  4 PagesHigh School Vs. College The transition from high school to college is not only an exciting challenge, but also a great milestone in one’s life. High school and college both share the common goal of expanding students’ knowledge; however, there are many differences between high school and college. They are similar in such ways that you still have to go to class, do class work, take test, and study hard. They differ because in college one is taking on an entire new load of responsibility and optionsRead MoreHigh School Vs. College1149 Words   |  5 PagesProfessor Grunow Writing 1010 October 26, 2015 High School vs. College Graduating from high school is what every student is looking forward to. However, going to college is a big accomplishment for all students. The first day of freshman high school and college feels the same, the excitement and pressured. As many students experienced, both high school and college could be compared their similarities. First, both students in college and high school are expected to behave in well mannered, attendRead MoreHigh School Vs. College1217 Words   |  5 PagesHigh School vs. College In the America, children begin school around the age of six. Once a student enters elementary school, most stay there for five to six years before they go on to secondary school, which involves middle school and high school. After graduating high school some students go on to pursue a â€Å"higher education† through college, but any further schooling after high school is no longer mandatory. In the professional world it is becoming harder and harder for high school students toRead MoreCollege Vs. High School938 Words   |  4 PagesWelcome to college! Congratulations on making it this far! Now the time comes to ramp up the ante! No such program as stepping up to college exists as it does for for high school. Oh wait! It’s called high school. Move it or lose it now, your future rests on your shoulders. High school teachers just handed you your future based on the way you schooled, and college professors tell you to figure it out. College trips up hundreds of st udents a year, refrain from letting yourself become one ofRead MoreHigh School Vs. College923 Words   |  4 PagesEng. 110-48 31 August 2015 High School Vs. College High school and college are both higher education institutions that enlighten students; however, there are many differences between the two that make them both unique. In high school, the goal is to gain a broad understanding of numerous subjects so that when they arrive to college, they have an understanding of their interests, goals, dreams, and what it takes to pursue their potential career. High school works as a place for students toRead MoreHigh School Vs. College1236 Words   |  5 Pages201    High school vs. College Having a great education is the best legacy in life. It is a proven fact. This accomplishment requires moving on from high school, as well as from college. Moving from high school to college might be an energizing change, yet it is additionally an exceptionally troublesome one. It is a test that the understudy will battle with and in the end change in accordance with after some time. Despite the fact that there are numerous contrasts between high school and college, oneRead MoreHigh School Vs. College965 Words   |  4 PagesHigh School vs. College In the American schooling system, children begin primary school around the age of six, this is called elementary school and most students stay there for five to six years before they go on to secondary school which involves middle school and high school. After graduating high school some students may go on to â€Å"higher education† known as college, but any schooling done after high school is no longer mandatory. In high school there is a certain structure that has to beRead MoreHigh School Vs. College853 Words   |  4 Pagesdifference between high school and college from having bells to a no dress policy. For high school students, they are obligated to go, and if they don’t attend then the government comes into play. As for college, it s a choice to go back to school. Students in college have variety of classes to choose from and freedom,etc. This could be freedom from parents or just doing whatever you want without parents barking at you, because you are now an adult. Even though I have been in college for only a semesterRead MoreHigh School Vs. College1294 Words   |  6 PagesHigh School Versus College Schools are undoubtedly important to one’s education. The most important of those schools are high schools and colleges because they have the most impact on deciding what occupation a student wants to pursue. Although high schools and colleges share similarities in providing education, there are also many differences between each other. In both high schools and colleges there are teachers that educate students on certain subjects. Those subjects can range from mathematics

The Impacts of Cyber Bullying Free Essays

Kids all over the world have easy access to phones, computers, and other electronic devices, making it easier for kids to become vulnerable to online bullying. As a 2003-04 survey by Org indicates, 42% of kids have been bullied while online and 58% have not told their parents or an adult about something mean or hurtful that happened to them online. Kids are increasingly becoming victims of cyber bullying, causing lowered self esteem, mental health Issues, and In severe cases can trigger suicidal tendencies. We will write a custom essay sample on The Impacts of Cyber Bullying or any similar topic only for you Order Now Anyone is susceptible to cyber bullying and with social networking sites, like Faceable, on the rise; the need to fit in can take a toll on us mentally. According to Claudia Schwartz, a marriage and family therapist, â€Å"teens who spend a lot of time on the social networking website – and who already have low- self esteem- are vulnerable to Faceable Depression. † Reading negative comments and constantly make comparisons with others on Faceable can cause a downward spiral fast. Schwartz says, â€Å"Parents need to help teens understand that Faceable Depression Is a serious problem. She urges parents to manage their kids’ time online, so it doesn’t affect other things such as school or homework. Depression can come in all types of forms; recognizing the signs in others and one’s self can greatly make an impact on the society as a whole. Apart from mental health Issues, cyber bullying has been known to cause suicidal tendencies. One notable Incident was that of Phoebe Prince, a 15 year old girl who hung herself due to months of torment by students at South Hadley High School. Kids would torment Prince through text message and through the social networking site, Faceable. Like Prince, many teens around the world have thought or resorted to suicide, because they felt there was no other outlet; they felt that’s what their bullies wanted them to do. One of the seaways to stop cyber bullying Is to talk about It. Talk to friends, parents, and teachers, someone you feel you can trust. Kids who are being bullied don’t have to just take it. Technology should be used to help you ace an English essay, to interact with friends and family, or even to play the latest video game. Put a stop to cyber bullying by not becoming one. Sanely 7 February 2012 Works Citied â€Å"cyber sullying: statistics and Tips. How to cite The Impacts of Cyber Bullying, Papers

Innovation Efficiency - and Section

Question: Discuss about the Innovation Efficiency, and Section. Answer: Introduction: The Australian Engineering firm which is of great interest to me is that of AECOM Australia Pty Ltd. This is an engineering firm that was previously known as AECOM Technology Corporation (Beaton-Wells and Tomasic 2012). Among the top Australian Engineering companies, it is regarded as multinational company that offer provisions in of design, construction, consultation and management of services to a good number of clients across the globe. Three strategies adopted by the company in question towards regulatory compliance with respect to the competition provisions in the Competition and Consumer Act 2010 The competition provisions in the Competition and consumer Act of 2010 is mainly concerned with matters of market relation. It mentions the relationship that exists between key players in the business domain (Colloff et al 2016). The key players covered in this Act in question includes; retailers, suppliers and consumers. Its main purpose is to enhance the welfare of Australians citizens by ensuring the promotion of fair trading as well as competition through the provision of consumer protection. On the same note, there are a number of strategies that have been adopted by AECOM Australia Pty Ltd towards compliance of the subject provision (Dagen 2010). These strategies are mainly meant to ensure peaceful co- existence and promotion of the welfare of Australian citizens. These strategies include the following; proper pricing, best framework management and reporting and finally developing a more highly skilled workforce. The strategies in question are documented in the companies policies mainly for purposes of ensuring check in the framework of its operations. Discussion and provision of examples on how the strategies in question promote competition in Australia by prohibiting anticompetitive conduct The first strategy that has been mentioned in the previous paragraph in line with the context is on proper pricing. Proper pricing is one of the greatest strategies that have been adopted by AECOM Australia Propriety Limited to ensure balance in the competitive market (Dellavedova and Gilsenan 2009). The prices of services offered by this company are not over estimated or under estimated. This has ensured compliance with the competition provisions Competition and Consumer Act of 2010 that closely monitors the market environment. The second strategy is on best framework management. Every company across the globe must have its operations under certain framework. The framework can either promote fair competition or it can lead to anti- competitive practices. AECOM has therefore adopted a framework that ensures that competition is not ignored but taken care of on a competitive basis. The frame work ensures that the company has fully complied with the provisions of the competitive Acts in context and leaves both government and the consumer at peace, and even other competitors in the business world. Finally, the last strategy is on the development of highly skilled work force. In order for the company to compete well without engaging in any anti- competitive role, it is vital for it to have highly skilled workforce. This is a major step that the company has taken, and the current estimate done with regards to its skilled personnel is at 95,000 skilled employees. The mentioned skilled workforce has ensured that they have offered best deliveries in terms of services and their competition rank has also gone up thereby owning ranking amongst the top engineering companies in Australia. Recommendations that I would make to improve management of AECOM Australia Propriety Limited Company with regards to both competition law compliance and legal principles in chapter 6 of Tony Ciro, Vivien Goldwasser and Reeta Verma The concept of competition law compliance just as mentioned previously is covered in the competition provisions of in the Competition and Consumer Act of 2010 (Flint 2005). On the other hand, the concept of legal principles in chapter 6 of Tony Ciro, Vivien Goldwasser and Reeta Verma, the edition being 4th, Oxford Press Australia, Melbourne and finally the year being 2014 is mainly concerned with the concept of both law and business. The chapter provides clear and very comprehensive grounding in all phases of business law. The chapter also touches on core topics of business law with accessible explanations of a number of key legal principles. With the explanation discussed withstanding, there are a number of recommendations that I would make to improve the management activities of the company in question (Formella 2001). These recommendations include the following; introducing policies that ensures the safety of company products as well as their labeling. This is one of the recommendations that will ensure that will ensure that, compliance with competition law because all the products are well labeled and original (Haines and Gurney 2006). The other recommendation in line with the subject would be on acquisition of various market promotional services that are in line with the question requirement. This will ensure that both the concept in of the individuals in question with regards to law and business and the provisions of law compliance are taken care of. It will also ensure that most of the company operations are not infringing the competitive domain but rather promoting fair competition (Hatton et al 2011). Since the company deals in matters that are design related, construction, consultation and finally management services, it will ensure that most of its market promotional activities are aimed at increasing its overall output in every financial year. I would also consider the recommendation on the adoption of an information system that will ensure that business and law are given keen consideration and compliance with competition provisions are considered. The main information system that I would recommend is that of decision making system, it will allow the company to bring on board a number of considerations prior to making any decision (Helman 2009). It will also allow the company to give keen considerations to the guiding rules and principles of the subject concept that is of the three individuals in concept Oxford Press, 4th Edition, Melbourne University 2014.This will help the company cultivate an environment that is considered fair especially in the business world. The end result of the recommendation is to see the company at the top of other companies based on merit. This question is about a world limited by the name Bungee World Ltd (BW) which is located at a place known as Byron Bay, New South of Wales (Johnstone and Sarre 2004). It is mentioned that it owns the top highest jumping platform in the world named sea monster. The platform is mainly made of steel and its construction is made over some cliffs that directly overlook the bay. Courtesy of this, a number of people have been attracted and they have to pay a sum amount of $ 50 and also ascent to a form prior to jumping from the platform. The form is outlined to be very detailed but there is a particular sentence that is of great importance since it separates the participant and Bungee World Limited in case of any consequences. The sentence is quoted to mention that the participant agrees that he or she will not at any point hold Bungee World Ltd or its agent responsible for either death or injury whatsoever or however that may arise as a result of jumping from the sea monster. An individual by the name Loki is mentioned as an investment banker who decides to go and jump on the sea monster like other people usually do and therefore follows all the due procedures. He then receives instructions from one Kate who is one of the instructor professionals in Bungee; Loki gets ready after doing the necessary and jumps unfortunately the steel platform that is attached to the safety rope breaks loose from the main platform. As a result Loki plunges into the sea, though not physical injury is experienced by him, he claims to have suffered nervous shock due to the incident and therefore plans the commencement of a negligence actions against Bungee World Ltd. A memorandum to the Board of Directors of BW on whether there are grounds for a successful negligence action against BW and consequences to BW. On the grounds that the legal definition of negligence is the conduct that falls below the rank of the behavior or character established by law for protection of other individuals against unreasonable risk of harm, on the same perspective, the statutory concerns requires that a person who acts negligently under the mentioned terms is liable for provision consequences on the basal ground. It is therefore with this confident that I affirm to the board of directors that in deed there are successful grounds of negligence action against BW and therefore consequences should be in hand. According to the provisions of chapter 16 of the Australian constitution, the same has been supported under tort and negligence related cases. The negligence of BW is on the fact that they dont do regular check up to the whole system of the cliff and the platform. If incase they were doing this, they would have noted the corrosion that was in the area o attachment of the steal platform and the safety rope. It is because of this that the steel structure broke making Loki to plunge into the sea and suffering nervous shock (Karpouzoglou, Dewulf and Clark 2016). Recommendations on how to resolve the potentially damaging public relation problem with regards to Bungee World Ltd The first recommendation is for Bungee World Ltd to ensure regular check up on their system and make necessary repairs. The other recommendation is for the subject Ltd to develop policies that are not only aimed at their interest but those that will offer safety to even their customers. If this is done, there will be increased rapport between them and the public. Not like in this case where there is a form which has to be scented upon and the main aim of the form is for BW not to be held culpable for any misfortune (Matthews 2005). Another recommendation would be for the board of directors to come employ very skilled employees who work at different stages, from undertaking the role of giving instructions to the time a participant is on the platform and even coming up with ways on how to take care cases that may arise if an accident is to occur when one is jumping on the cliff. This will keep note of legal and statutory issues and will keep the subject of discussion out of problems that may be on grounds of negligence and other related grounds (Scholz 2007). On the same view, the law is very clear, and the legal concerns and statutes also clearly outlines key areas that needs to be looked upon in order to safeguard instances that may arise from negligence. Making an ascent to a form is not the end of protection cover as Bungee World could have perceived it. It would be better if the ascent is made on the grounds on security cover rather than what has been vividly observed in question three of this particular task. Meaning of National Standards and who they apply to National standards are the employment entitlements that are a required to be provided to the employees. These entitlements must be in line with the goodness of the employees well being in order for them to work effectively. In most cases, the standards in question usually includes the following; maximum weekly working hours, arrangements on working hours that are flexible, considering the aspect of annual leaves, giving long service leave before resuming for work, the acknowledgement of a working system that is fair, giving leave on holidays that are considered public, in case of termination and redundancy pay, a notice is considered and also offering parental leave among other entitlements. It is clear that the second part of the question has already been answered as well because the mentioned national standards have greatly touched on employees related cases (Siebentritt, Halsey and Stafford-Smith 2014). It is thus clear that national standards mainly apply to two parties of which one has already been mention that is the employees (Ravenell 2008). The other party that it must also apply to is the employer; this is pegged to the reason that the fulfillment of these standards the two has to be brought into the picture. What I would do to ensure that my company does not contravene these standards if I was the head of Human Resource in Australian Engineering Company The main thing that I would do, is to draft down all the standards and incorporate them among the companys policies and framework. This would ensure easy adoption of them and familiarization and they become part and parcel of the company. What should also be noted is that the welfare of employees is a very key area that must be considered well just as provided in the national standards. This question is about one Rebecca who is considered elderly and lives by herself in a place called Brisbane. It is mentioned that over the recent past she migrated from Italy. One day she receives a random call from Dave who is a representative a plumbing company who made an offer to do plumbing check to her home. She agreed to it and on the next day, the check was done and Dave confirmed her plumbing as being in good shape. On the same note, Dave came up with a new suggestion of Ono water filter that was going to be more beneficial due to its latest reverse osmosis technology. Due to intense persuasion by Dave, Rebecca agreed to purchase the Ono water filter which was being sold at $ 2000 including installment. Rebecca then proceeded to sign a contract of purchasing the water filter in context. The concern of this piece is that, Rebecca was not prepared to buy to the Ono water Filter but bought it due to persuasion. Advice to of Rebecca of her rights and remedies under the unconscionable conduct provisions including section 21 in the Australian Consumer Law Unconscionable conduct as provided in the subject provision mainly deals with transactions that are carried out between dominant and parties who are weaker. It therefore revolves around duress and the influence that is considered undue. The first advice that I would offer to Rebecca is that, based on the section 21 on unconscionable conduct is that she has got the right of maintaining her stand whatsoever the case. Therefore, the conduct of Dave is supposed to be considered against the law and should be treated with contempt. Rebecca has got the right of going to court and challenging the transaction that occurred between her and Dave. On the same aspect, she is suppose to mention that, the Ono water Filter that was sold to her is of no use however efficient it is. The second part of this advice therefore takes the part of remedy with regards to the question (Gupta 2014). The final advice that I would also add to Rebecca is to consider laying priority in future where it is due (Zoeteman 2013). Like in this case, she bought the Ono water filter yet it was least of her priority. Her plumbing was confirmed as being in good condition she could still utilize them well. References Beaton-Wells, C. and Tomasic, K., 2012. Private enforcement of competition law: Time for an Australian debate. UNSWLJ, 35, p.648. Colloff, M.J., Lavorel, S., Wise, R.M., Dunlop, M., Overton, I.C. and Williams, K.J., 2016. Adaptation services of floodplains and wetlands under transformational climate change. Ecological Applications, 26(4), pp.1003-1017. Dagen, R., 2010. Rambus, Innovation Efficiency, and Section 5 of the FTC Act. BUL Rev., 90, p.1479. Dellavedova, B. and Gilsenan, R., Challenges in Cartel Class Actions(2009). University of New South Wales Law Journal, 32, p.1001. Gupta, A., 2014. The New Nexus. Flint, I.2005, Regent Decision. Formella, J.A., 2001. Torts-Liability of a Business Visitor for Negligence. Marquette Law Review, 34(4), p.289. Gorddard, R., Colloff, M.J., Wise, R.M., Ware, D. and Dunlop, M., 2016. Values, rules and knowledge: adaptation as change in the decision context. Environmental Science Policy, 57, pp.60-69. Haines, F. and Gurney, D., Section 1 2006: Regulatory conflict and regulatory compliance: the problems and possibilities in generic models of regulation. Regulation: Enforcement and Compliance, p.10. Hatton MacDonald, D., Bark, R., Garrick, D., Banerjee, O., Connor, J. and Morrison, M., 2011. Multiple benefits through the life cycle of the basin plan. Helman, P., 2009. Droughts in the Murray Darling Basin Since European Settlement. Griffith University: Southport, Queensland. Johnstone, R. and Sarre, R., 2004. Regulation: Enforcement and Compliance (Vol. 57). Canberra,, Australia: Australian Institute of Criminology. Karpouzoglou, T., Dewulf, A. and Clark, J., 2016. Advancing adaptive governance of social-ecological systems through theoretical multiplicity. Environmental Science Policy, 57, pp.1-9. Matthews, C., 2005. Sea Level Rise and Climate Change: Implications for the Coorong and Lakes Alexandrina and Albert Ramsar Site: a Preliminary Investigation. Department for Environment and Heritage. McCarthy, M.M. and Cambron-McCabe, N.H., 1987. Public school law: Teachers' and students' rights. Publication Sales, Allyn and Bacon, Longwood Division, 7 Wells Avenue, Newton, MA 02159 (Order No. H04898; $30.95).. Owen, D., 2014. Products Liability Law, 3d (Hornbook Series). West Academic. Sanderson, T., Hertzler, G., Capon, T. and Hayman, P., 2016. A real options analysis of Australian wheat production under climate change. Australian Journal of Agricultural and Resource Economics, 60(1), pp.79-96. Scholz, J., Enforcement Policy and Corporate Misconduct: The Changing Perspectives of Deterrence Theory (2007). Law and Contemporary Problems, 60, p.253. Siebentritt, M., Halsey, N. and Stafford-Smith, M., 2014. Regional climate change adaptation plan for the Eyre Peninsula. Prepared for the Eyre Peninsula Integrated Climate Change Agreement Committee. Ravenell, T.E., 2008. Cause and Conviction: The Role of Causation in Sec. 1983 Wrongful Conviction Claims. Temp. L. Rev., 81, p.689.Timbal, B., Abbs, D., Bhend, J., Chiew, F., Church, J., Ekstrm, M., Kirono, D., Lentomn, A., Lucas, C., McInnes, K. and Moise, A., 2015. Murray Basin cluster report: climate change in Australia. Projections for Australias natural resource management regions. Zoeteman, B.C., 2013. What is behind the leadership shift in sustainable development from politicians to CEOs?. Environmental Development, 8, pp.113-130.

Subway CRM Project free essay sample

1. 0 Executive Summary: Subway is a sandwich fast food restaurants which has 260 stores in New Zealand. Application of CRM can facilitate the management, CRM project including ICDC model, identify the touch points , Servqual level analysis, Gap Theory analysis, suggestions and recommendations. The CRM strategy properly executed, it will help Subway to better understand the customer and manage customers, improve the ability of its competition ability and development of the Subway. keyword:Subway? CRM? service? Servqual 2. 0 IDIC model of Subway Table 1. IDIC model of Subway Shareholders Fred Deluca Employees CEO Fred Deluca,more than 260 stores(NZ) Government New Zealand goverment, Auckland City Council etc Action Goroups Franchised outlet, Customers Public Local people, Passengers Distributors and Retailers Franchised outlet, Flagship store, Headquarters Suppliers Silver Fern Farms Limited–Fairton, Alliance Group Limite, Silver Fern Farms Limited–Finegan etc Institutions CEO , department manager, sales personel etc Competitors KFC, McDonald, Burger King etc Consultants Subway has its own panel Media and Reviewers Internet, Face book, TV, Newspaper etc Analysts No Customers People who likes Subway and does not cook by himself/herself, People who wants to buy or eat Subway. We will write a custom essay sample on Subway CRM Project or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page Partners Face book, Google, Yahoo etc Financiers ANZ, BNZ etc 3. 0 Touch Points With the emergence of new media, such as the Internet, greatly increased the Subway touch points of contact with customers. The main forms are: (1). Network: including Subway service website, Facebook Subway platform, Wechat Subway platform, etc. Through this contact, Subway and its followers can interact and qa, anytime and anywhere, convenient and quick, shorten the distance. For followers of Subway, and they can even find almost all of their attention will be connected to the Internet. Nutritional information such as product, suits own Subway menu, expert advice, etc. (2). Advertising: including television advertising, wall advertising, leaflets, etc. This is a traditional and effective way of propaganda and a wide coverage of positive contact point, can timely to let customers know the latest news of Subway. (3). Activities and public welfare: the Subway as their corporate positioning, from the outset nutrition Leaders (Leaders in nutrition from the beginning). They have been a champion of healthy eating and therefore made a lot of effort! Subway restaurants are independently owned and care who is proud of their community and active member independent operator franchise. Subway ® franchisees and crew members from around the world also active in their local schools, sports and civic associations and are proud to â€Å"give back† to the people in the neighborhoods that are near and dear to them. Over the years, the Subway ® restaurant family has shown it support for many worthy causes and humanitarian organizations such as the American Red Cross and AmeriCares disaster relief, Habitat, regional United Way campaigns, Little League baseball programs, seasonal blood donation drives and community food banks. [1] Each year the Subway ® brand supports charities and philanthropic organizations through corporate donations and sponsorships to encourage healthy, active lifestyles and help make the world a better place. This method not only help the people in need of help, also adds brand products to the Subway and goodwill degrees, have more social value than normal advertisement. (4). Face-to-face customer service: this is the most important point of contact, this method can maximize closer to the customer, understand customer. For employees, the Subway has its own service concept and training skills, to close their relationships with customers and achieve the customer as the center. Subway all staff three seconds smile and three minutes service principles, let customers get the most considerate the fastest service. Three seconds service refers to the guest into the store three seconds, greeting guests smile all front desk staff. Customer order to complete production time no more than 3 minutes. All sandwich scene produced in front of you. We know that it takes more than just good food to nourish a strong people and build a vibrant community. It starts with taking care of people, the heart and soul of the Subway ® experience. 4. 0 Servqual Service quality is a complex topic, need to be defined from five aspects: reliability, responsiveness, assurance, empathy, and tangibility. The service quality evaluation was conducted in the process of service delivery. Customers satisfied with the quality of service can be defined as: the perception of accepting service compared with expectations of service. When perception beyond expectation, service is thought to have a special quality, customers will be satisfied; when the service does not meet expectations, is doomed to be unacceptable; when the expectation and perception is consistent, the quality is satisfactory . The quality of service = perception of service quality- service quality expectations 0 is very satisfied = 0 satisfaction 0 not satisfied The following data can be obtained through investigation Table 2. Subway service quality survey[2] Factor The fast food industry service quality questions Score of feel Score of expect Score of Servqual Average Tangibles Tangibility restaurant layout is good, clean and comfortable dining environment 7. 9 7. 5 0. 4 0. 4 Food flyer make beautiful, attractive 7. 8 7. 7 0. 1 Food color, aroma and taste 7. 0 6. 7 0. 3 Staff dress uniform, clean and tidy 6. 8 6. 0 0. 8 Responsiveness Can quickly provide customers with the service 7. 9 5. 0 2. 0 0. 7 Wait for the waiter will tell the customer have to wait long 7. 0 7. 0 0 Can properly handle the customer complaints and complaints in a timely manner 8. 6 8. 5 0. 1 Reliability Service system perfect, standardization of service process 8. 8 7. 3 1. 5 1. 2 In the process of service few mistakes 8. 5 7. 1 1. 4 According to the promised to provide services 8. 6 7. 9 0. 7 When customers encounter problems try my best to help customers solve problems 7. 6 6. 4 1. 2 Assurance Employees use civilization terminology, polite 7. 8 6. 9 0. 9 0. 45 Employees have affinity, trustworthy 8. 4 8. 0 0. 4 Staff have appropriate knowledge and skills 6. 0 6. 0 0. 0 The customer to provide comfort food and services 8. 5 8. 0 0. 5 Empathy Customers can easily reached restaurant 8. 8 8. 0 0. 8 0. 63 To meet the personalized needs of different customers 9. 0 7. 5 1. 5 In the restaurant feel warm and happy 8. 8 7. 7 1. 1 Customers can often enjoy some preferential activities 8. 2 8. 5 -0. 3 Analysis: the data in the table can be learned that the customer for Subway service quality in reliability, responsiveness, assurance, empathy, and tangibility five aspects are very satisfied, particularly the most satisfactory reliability and responsiveness. Reliability is reliably and accurately fulfill service commitments. To show that the Subway service quality is very good, have a standard service process, and few mistakes. With the Subway three seconds smile and service three minutes is closely related to law. Responsiveness refers to help customers and provide services quickly and efficiently. Although the Subway can be quickly with good service quality to provide customers with services, but in waiting for the waiter will tell the customer need to wait for how long and properly handle customer complaints and complaints timely performance is not outstanding, it needs to strengthen. In terms of Tangibles and Assurance, service quality is also high, high customer satisfaction. That Subway layout in the unified management, restaurant, food production and have good performance in staff training, service quality is very high in these areas. In respect of Empathy, the Subway customers said that they think customers can often enjoy some preferential activities is done bad. In fact, relative to other fast food companies, Subway really few most favorable activity or can let customers enjoy preferential activities. But the Subway in Empathy other aspects of the service quality is very high. 5. 0 The Gap Theory . 5. 1 The mission of Subway Delight every customer so they want to tell their friendswith great value through fresh, is our way of letting you know we are committed to making a positive impact in all that we do. The Subway ® system is committed to providing a variety of great tasting, healthier food choices while reducing our environmental footprint and creating a positive influence in the communities we serve around the world. This is a requirement of Subway has always been, Subways mission is simple and clear tell us what it want to bring customers products and feelings, clear wording, and highlight the tradition of its green health products. 5. 2 Need to strengthen the image Corporate image refers to the people by the signs of the enterprise, and set up the overall impression of the enterprise, is the core of enterprise culture construction. Although the Subway has a clear mission, and has been sticking to its mission, the Subway has been developing smoothly, but Subway lacks a strong image, although the Subway has been claimed that they are going to give people more healthy diet. By contrast, found that most people associate to KFC, there will be a clear remember KFC sign, KFC, the old man face red and white alternate with, hamburgers, French fries, coke and unity of tables and chairs. When they think of Subway, can only think of Subway sign is green, white and yellow and white. But remember not too clear, sandwiches, unlimited refills, and only some people clearly know Subway restaurant is to provide a healthy diet. By Subway legendJared successful weight loss, in other countries outside the United States, such as New Zealand, his popularity is not high. It is very bad for Subway, if you cant let more people know that their mission is a health food. Customers in multiple fast food to make a choice, not more with it. It is also bad for customers, customers dont have a clear image of an enterprise when they choose will be very difficult, and will be always in doubt. Subway should strengthen the construction of its image in the advertisement, tell people there is green, healthy diet, not only tell people monopoly Subway sandwich! Subway should also spend more money on advertising, because compared with other fast food restaurants, Subway advertising is too little, so much so that many people know about it is not enough. Subway can also tell people on its paper napkins and food packaging it is healthy, not just printed on Subway. Subway should also have the image of a belongs to own healthy and lively, like Disneys Mickey Mouse, so that the image of thorough popular feeling, can better set up the enterprise image. 5. 3 Segmentation of Subway Subway from entrepreneurial start business only sandwiches, although it is a fast food restaurant, but the Subway to advocate a healthy diet. Because the Subway for their own simple clear positioning, belongs to the popular type of food, can make almost all the people to eat . And customers can DIY, choose oneself to like bread, ingredients and sauces, almost can satisfy everyones taste, so its market segmentation of customers dont need to do too much. 5. 4 Staff training and loyalty Subway attach importance to the cultivation of the employees, they think that talent is the most precious assets of Subway . People are our greatest asset. We continually challenge each other to succeed through teamwork, against shared goals benchmarks, and to be accountable for our actions. We require all employees throughout the Subway ® system adhere to ethical principles and employment standards to ensure that all workers at our corporate headquarters, regional offices, are valued, treated fairly and with respect. We value the cultural richness and breadth of ideas resulting from the diversity that is fostered in who we are and what we do. We are dedicated to building strong business relationships through open communication, respect and by with each other as well as by serving our customers and our neighborhoods; much like we do within our own families. The Subway employee training fully, from its three seconds smile and service three minutes law can be embodied. They warm service and skilled work skills, often a very good impression to the customer, at the same time, it saves time, brings additional value for the enterprise . Subway has the most branches as fast food brand, with perfect service personnel training system. Most Subway employees believe that their work environment such as in a family, is harmonious, loyalty to the enterprise is very high. Will from time to time and in different parts of the Subway store events, increase staff loyalty. 5. 5 Products and services Although the Subway has been selling sandwiches, but still attaches great importance to product upgrade and the change of the package, so as to adapt to the needs of different age and different countries customers . And in different regions according to different situation of promotional activities . In New Zealand, for example: the Subway in the current in the summer of New Zealand launched a new promotion chicken subs . [3] Due to the New Zealand communication services more perfect, customers can also be online or on the phone to order a meal, but in some other communication services imperfect country, it may be not enough. Although is a fast food restaurant, but the Subway and KFC, McDonalds and pizza hut from major competitors products have substaintial distinction, there is no the same products of the competition. As a Subway stores heavier, have always is famous for its first-class service and unified management, has the absolute competitive! 5. 6 Price As a popular global low-fat sandwiches, this price is OK. Subway does not need to rise the price, both in terms of cost, or from the point of sales, the price is just right. In fact, for the people, as long as good, price doesnt matter if they are a little bit expensive. Subway to grasp very well. 5. 7 Channels If you want to know, Subway, there will be many channels can help you. Such as: network, TV, newspaper, leaflets, billboards, radio and so on. Due to the development of communication technology, has been change in the number of users, nature is networks have TV is the best communication channel, is also the fastest know Subway channels. Of course, the Subway, you recommend your friends to compare its sandwich is very delicious. 5. 8 Authentic taste and unlimited refilled Subway can be in the fast food industry development, in addition to its first-class service, unified set up and manage, the most important of all is the pure taste, insist to use fresh food as possible, making major! This conforms to the demand for food has always been: a delicious, safe and healthy. Unlimited refill is a kind of American spirit, Subway brought this spirit to conquer all it. All the customers like this way, it can make them believe that they have more to choose in the Subway. Although they may only have a drink. But its true that Subway gives them more choice, because you can drink coke and then drink a glass of Sprite. Although were probably drink a 700 ml beverage, in Subway, you can taste the different flavors of drinks, but this is impossible in KFC and McDonalds. Subway should continue to adhere to its authentic taste and the spirit of unlimited refilled, bring more delicious experience for customers, and free choice. 6. 0 Suggestions and Recommendations 6. 1 Suggestions 6. 1. 1 Customer relationships Because you can choose your own ingredients make sandwiches, but numerous choice, many people hesitate when choice unconsciously. When this time, the service personnel should be timely recommend the best option for the customer, or guide customers to choose quickly, can increase the service personnel of communication with customers. Now smart phones, all kinds of communication software but also emerge in endlessly. Subway can choose on the software platform for propaganda and communication with customers, to update the product information and promotional activities, access to the customers evaluation, a question even questionnaire, etc. This way is very popular with young people, can attract more young customers for Subway become the loyal customers. 6. 1. 2 Service delivery system Subway, Subcard support cash and bank card payment, but few understand Subcard, also very few people use Subcard pays. Subway should intensify propaganda and use of Subcard told customers use Subcard special and they can bring convenience, as well as Subcard can discounts and benefits for them. This will increase the customers brand sense of belonging, the Subway has a large number of long-term and stable customers. Although the customer can order online or mobile phone, but they cant use online or mobile payment, this is one thing to let a person very depressed. Online payment and the trend of mobile payment is now Internet life, is the trend of The Times, Subway should conform to the trend, the development and utilization of this convenient way of payment. Subway can also and different communication carriers, such as Vodafone, use fee paid directly. In New Zealand, most people will have a bus and a train and Subway can pass and the transport carriers, allows customers to use public transportation card and the train in the Subway. 6. 1. 3 Service quality Service personnel will find a lot of problems in the process of service, the Subway need to found the problem employees a chance, they found the problem, and solve it. Different areas of the store service representatives should open a party every quarter, found the problem summary and share, avoid similar problems from happening again in other shops, improve service quality. Subway can also regularly staff appraisal, reward for excellent employees, encourage employees to more serious service, improve service quality. 6. 1. 4 Perceived gaps Although their DIY a sandwich very romantic, but there are a lot of people dont like such a choice. They think this is a waste of time, and with their own tastes delicious. So I suggest Subway more classical collocation solution for customers to choose, can not only saves the time of customers and service personnel, can attract more customers, because they have more better choice! For the first time consumption for customers, although their DIY is very novel, but also not embarrassed, because they dont know how to choose. So Subway should create simple and clear diagram, where customers convenient see, service personnel also need a bit more enthusiasm and careful guidance these initial purchase customers, help them to choose, rather than simply waiting for customers to choose, in order to avoid customers doubts and embarrassed. Compared with other fast food restaurants, Subway rarely distributed leaflets and give discount coupons, the Subway in virtually lost a lot of customers. Subway should put some ads in a variety of media and platforms, tell more people to its information and distribute more flyer and coupon, the customers are informed of the latest activities and preferential, attract more customers. 6. 1. 5 Service recovery strategies First, to explain to the customer service mistakes in time. Service failure happens, customers will be on the service failure reasons of the subjective inference, normally the customer would not have their own reasons, and corporate responsibility entirely to blame. Enterprises should be timely and reasonable explain the reason for the failure, make customer given individual factors, external factors or employees avoid customer subjectively to blame for the failure cause enterprise as a whole, this will be conducive to maintaining corporate image and reduce the cost of service recovery. Second, training and authorization to frontline staff and effective service recovery. Service failure happened, whatever the customer to the service failure attribution, considering the timeliness of service recovery will affect the procedural fairness perceptions of customer, enterprise must in the first place to solve the failure problems. So the enterprise should pay attention to training and authorization to the frontline staff in order to make them have the ability to service recovery and timely solve the problem of service failures, such as: give discounts or free of charge, after the occurrence of disputes of the parties to replace and compensation to customers. Third, understand customer expectations, earnestly implement the appropriate compensation. Including the apology, discount, free coupons, such as a variety of ways, understand customer expectations, make customers to participate in remedial decision-making process and in a timely manner to give proper compensation mode, make compensation match the level of customer expectations, customers can effectively eliminate the discontent, to regain customer loyalty. Fourth, with sincere attitude in the face of the customer. To deal with the process of service failures, customers want to be honest, attentive and treated politely. Service personnel should be expressed sympathy and concern to customers, understanding customers disappointment and anger said, this will make customers feel enterprise is sensitive to his situation and care, help customers obtain the good interactive fairness perceptions. [4] Fifth, the enterprise should pay attention to training with good relationship quality between customer and maintenance. Recent research has shown that giving an informed choice to customers can be an effective pre-emptive strategy to offset the damaging effects of service failure. The principle behind this strategy is that customers given an informed choice have increased feelings of self-attributions, share the responsibility for the service failure, feel more regret and stay more loyal. [5] 6. 2 Recommendations Subway is a global chain of large companies, business is numerous, the customer is multifarious, I recommend using Salesforce CRM software. Salesforce. com Inc. is a global cloud computing company headquartered in San Francisco, California. [6]CRM software of its most famous, ranked first in the world, can maximum limit satisfy the customer different needs. [7] 6. 2. 1 The cost of reasonable Salesforce operation mode can be summarized as simply the function of the network service is used to implement ERP software, software users only need to pay a small monthly fee, spending to save large amount of purchase. Different from traditional software business model, Salesforce customers dont need to buy the software CD, also do not need to pay handsomely for future upgrades. Once bought the right to use the Salesforce, the user can update regularly, and through the network to provide, do not need to install the program, and therefore do not need to please specialist maintenance, there is less spent on information equipment budget. [8]For Subway company need long-term use of CRM software, it is a good choice, take reasonable money can buy value service. 6. 2. 2 Nicely integrated Social CRM functionality With the growth of social media, it is increasingly important to gain insight into what customers are talking about on Twitter, Facebook, Google+, and LinkedIn. Salesforce is by far one of the leaders in providing tools within its CRM application for you to get into this data. You can monitor and respond to conversations that are relevant to your organization, gain insight into your accounts and contacts’ activity streams from Twitter and Facebook, and create leads from posts and comments. [9]That is in keeping with the demand for the development of Subway, the Subway is need to improve on the network marketing and management, the CRM software can be very good to solve these problems, at the same time to strengthen communication with customers. 6. 2. 3 Real-time data access on mobile devices You can get instant business information anytime, anywhere through an iPhone, BlackBerry, or Windows Phone. You are able to edit and customize almost every field, module, and object in Sales Cloud. Take a call with a contact and log the call as a record directly to the contact’s record, have leads routed automatically to your device as they come in, pull up account information prior to a meeting, and assign tasks to colleagues all from your mobile device. It is very convenient for the managers of one thing, but also meet the needs of the future development trend. 6. 2. 4 Companywide collaboration through Chatter Built into the CRM application is an enterprise-level, real-time social networking tool called Chatter. This collaboration tool uses the same tools from social media to help organizations collaborate and empower all departments, from sales to service to marketing, to get more done faster. Chatter increases an organization’s productivity by sharing answers, ideas, files, and more. You can follow people or business data, such as records, documents, and analytics, within your organization and get real-time activity feeds to track each of these items. 6. 2. 5 Easy customization You don’t have to be a programmer to customize Sales Cloud to fit your business needs. You can customize tabs, fields, and the interface and create formula-driven fields effortlessly with the help guide. Most impressively, you can utilize a point-and-click app builder to build your own application. You can even publish custom apps to Salesforce’s marketplace, AppExchange, to be shared with other users. 6. 2. 6 Salesforce to cloud services Salesforce on the application of cloud computing can be said to be the pioneer of IT industry, its not only for our company provides a simpler and cheaper data and software services, more represents a kind of used for the spirit of innovation, dare to practice. [10]It not only can the independent design applications to meet the special needs, also can draw lessons from the existing custom application by modifying meet those requirements, at the same time perfect integration path will not affect the normal operation of the other systems within the enterprise, ensure that each system play to their respective functions, supplement each other, common service for enterprise production operation . 6. 3 Privacy and ethics issues Customers to provide personal information, the purpose is to hope that the enterprise really understand their needs, to provide more convenient. Here, however, there may be some privacy and ethical issues . [11] 6. 3. 1 Permissions and limit Subway customers in the use of online services, fill out the phone number and email, web page no obvious hints, information about customers to fill out the authority to use and limitations, whether in all levels of employees can refer to the information, whether all level employees can use this information, no significant, and there is no legal guarantee, will these information leakage. It is very dangerous for customer privacy. With the development of information technology, the enterprise to gain more customers, through the network, telephone and other channels, widely collect customer information, to advertising. A large number of promotional telephone, SMS spam and junk mail serious violation to the customers personal privacy. If cannot confirm customer about the safety of these data, it is likely to happen privacy leaks. And in the event of privacy leaks, the customer will not have strong basis to solve this matter, Subway will be customers think there are suspected of deliberately avoid responsibility, it is a disadvantage for customers and Subway. 6. 3. 2 Questionnaire and personal information Subway will not be a questionnaire survey was conducted on a regular basis, the content involves the be fond of of customers, and customers of some of the personal information, Subway in the questionnaire, no prompt the questionnaire and final treatment way going, also didnt mention that these questionnaires will be made public. This is a very important privacy and ethical issues. After all, not all customers want to let others know whether he has multiple, rely on the Subway to reduce how much jins weight, how like Subway, or if you choose to eat Subway in order to lose weight. If these information leakage, maybe some weight loss products manufacturing chamber of commerce is happy to give this attention weight customer send junk mail and telephone harassment. 6. 3. 3 Subcard and security services Although Subcard enjoy services and products for customers to buy has brought great convenience. However, customers in the use of card, service personnel will see some personal information, customer service personnel will these information leakage, is a great privacy security issues. And the loss of the card, stored inside tip made no personal information will leak. Subway has 260 stores in New Zealand, many employees and customers quantity is huge. As a modern enterprise, it is necessary to use computer to manage, its safety performance is also facing a huge test, if in the event of information leakage, there will be thousands and thousands of customers received threats to privacy.

Free Essay about Two Soldiers Arcite and Palamon

Free Essay about Two Soldiers Arcite and Palamon Journals The two knights, Arcite and Palamon, both soldiers from Thebes, were close cousins who were sworn brothers. They were captured in war and imprisoned together in a tower in Athens. Palamon noticed the beautiful Emelye on the courtyard and immediately fell in love with her. His compatriot Arcite, noticing Palacons new fascination and hearing him speak of her aloud investigated and discovered the woman in the courtyard, immediately falling in love with her as well. The men quarreled over the love of the woman and their friendship was ruined. Sometime later, Arcite was released on condition that he would be killed if he ever returned to Athens. The question of which of the two men was the most fortunate has been widely discussed, with some citing different factors as key to ones advantages. However, taking everything into consideration, I believe neither of the two was luckier than the other. In fact, I believe that the two brother had it even worse off than they were before, with no obvious winner. First of all, in different ways, the two cousins represented everything that a knight ought to be: they were sworn under the oath of brotherhood, which created a stronger bond similar to that of blood brothers. This relationship was strong as everybody regularly complemented them for being noble and honorable knights. This kind of bond is hard to maintaining leave alone establish one between individuals. Fortunately, they were able to build this friendship. Alas, due to the feuding between the two brothers, this connection was destroyed and they are left without the company and companionship of one another, one they could never establish between Emelye and either one of them. Secondly, once both of them fall in love, they describe their love as a wound that reaches their heart Both men enter into a state of great suffering as none of them can have what they want. The fact that they both share a common affection towards the same woman is also frustrating. Additionally, once they were separated, they moan and groan as each of them is convinced that the other has a greater advantage with Emelye. The truth is, none of them is worse off judging by their constricting circumstances. Judging from these circumstances, it is clear none of they had it better off. The values and ideals of honor and loyalty was an important aspect of men back in 20th century and beyond. These aspects were the essence of manhood and often than not was the subject of most feuds. Unfortunately, the concepts of honor, loyalty and valor are long lost. In the current world, money is the greatest motivator and the source of all evil. We see star players quit their draft team in search of more money; and women getting married for money rather than for love. Loyalty in todays society is laughable, especially after considering almost 60% of marriages end in divorce and 90% of them have a cheating spouse. Personally, I like to think that I do possess some elements of honor However, no one is perfect. In todays contemporary world, one is forced to adapt to prevailing circumstances, which in most times are not the most upright alternatives. In the old days, honor was the primary purpose of life. No one cared how much money one brought in or what king of house one lived in; as long as one earned respected from his peers, which was more than enough. Unfortunately, the modern world is subject to many different fundamentals, where honor is not regarded as a significant element. For my part, I would like to realize a greater level of achievement through embracing a greater degree of honor. Unfortunately, the present world is not that accommodating of this line of thought. This vivid portrait painted of one of the most striking characters in the passage reveals an interesting and audacious personality in the form of the wife. We learn of the wifes ostentatious dressing, lifestyle and bold character. She is not particularly beautiful and is perceived to be vivacious and forceful. Her bright clothes and sophisticated head-dress are ostentations rather than show of elegance. The effect of such behavior is perhaps to popularize herself and her riches, rather than the attempt of uncharacteristic finesse. Of her personal life, we learn that she has had five different husbands in the past, and that three of them were old men. Additionally, she had a tendency of trying to dominate all of them, only to find frustration in achieving this with her fourth and fifth husbands. From the above revelations, we learn that she was not a good person, leave alone a good wife She is a manipulative and opportunistic character that only cared about herself. She is a conniving individual who constantly devised ways of making her husband her slave and debtor. Additionally, she would solicit money from her former partners in exchange for bele chose (sex), threatening to sell herself to other men who would lavish more than she received from her marriage. All though she did endure cruelty from her fifth husband, this does not excuse her actions and behavior as this are all elements of a bad wife. O Brother, Where art Thou is a movie that stands out as one of the Coen brothers most generous, optimistic and delightful pictures. How they manage to that without having a solid plot or story line is something of a miracle. Published sometime before 600 BC, the Odyssey is one of the best known and marvelously creative works of ancient literature. To further accentuate its remarkableness, numerous works of art have been inspired by Homers epic tale, one of them being O Brother, Where Art Thou? The main theme the brothers promote relating to the Odyssey is that of religion Religion is primarily one of the tools Ulysses uses to search for answers in the movie. The writers/directors use biblical references to add significance and structure to their work. It is important for this inclusion as the audience is able to witness characters that seek meaning to their lives through greed, redemption and exclusion. However, through their journey, they find themselves becoming part of a warped detraction of a religious Christian worldview. The Coen brothers depict characters who seek answers and redemption through cultic practices through mockery. For instance, when the singing congregation passes the three convict, Everett comment s, they must be searching for answers. This phrase is repeated several times in the film; becoming key in the structure of the story. The film O Brother Where Art Thou is cleverly based on the famous narrative The Odyssey by the well-known Homer. However, the movie has a few distinctive differences from the original work, including the role Odysseus plays in both works. Although he was a great character and war hero, the movie paint a picture of a different person; one that was a criminal. The writers/directors presented this different portrait of the Greek hero to illustrate the concept of constant running or escape from dire circumstances. The movie is set back in the Great depression era where the main characters are escaping from jail. At the time, criminal activity was widespread and criminals were constantly hunted down. Ulysses is running from the police who cause him a lot of distress, much like Odysseuss journey. Even though he was not running from anyone, the gods did cause him an awful lot of trouble. The character was portrayed as a criminal to illustrate the concept of hardship and difficulty one endures when in a position where no one is on your side due to the position they occupy in the world.

What are the key similarities and differences between neorealism and Essay

What are the key similarities and differences between neorealism and neoliberalism - Essay Example The debate within the length of this paper is to establish the main differences that exist between neorealism and neoliberalism, find out the shared assumptions that exist between the two theories and lastly pinpoint the issues that have been left unquestioned by both the neorealism and the neoliberalism bases. The role played by both neorealists and neoliberalists as well as the opponents of the same theories have also been highlighted during the length of this paper. Thus in all essence, a deep and incisive look has been provided to the two theories at hand and every effort is possibly made to establish a link with each other’s traits and characteristics. In conclusion, a significant foundation has been discussed with respect to the two theories and the learning that has been brought forward by the respective theory at hand. A theory of international relations – neorealism is also known by the name of structural realism. It was coined by Kenneth Waltz in the year 1979 in his famous book ‘Theory of International Politics’ where his premise was in support of having a global structure which could act as a restraining force on the behaviors of the state. This was deemed significant because the states which had their outcomes within the expected range could make their way and survive in the related midst. Thus neorealism can easily be remarked as a similar system to the microeconomic model which makes use of organizations setting price and quantity equations on the structure of the market. Neorealism looks to explore the classical realist thinking ideology of E H Carr, Niebuhr and Morgenthau. Neorealism has been brought forward by the incorporation of American political science domains. It wants an attachment with the strongly linked and positively inclined social science. (Gilbert, 1999) On the other hand, neoliberalism encompasses a political movement that includes within it the economic liberalism. What this economic

E-Recruitment in the banking Industry a comparative study in to the UK Dissertation

E-Recruitment in the banking Industry a comparative study in to the UK bank Lloyds TSB and Indian bank ICICI - Dissertation Example A primary research study which is composed of a combination of quantitative research survey and research interview was conducted to determine the factors that could significantly influence the e-recruitment practices in both banks. Based on the research findings, the three (3) significant factors that can affect the ability of the banks to maximize the full benefit of its e-recruitment practices includes: the unique recruitment practices in each bank, access to Internet, and the ability of the people to use the computers. To make Lloyds TSB and ICICI be able to maximize its full investment on e-recruitment platform, this study highly recommends the idea that the bank manager(s) should be able to design and implement strict policies with regards to the use of the banks’ e-recruitment process. In the case of Lloyds TSB, its bank personnel should redesign the banks’ existing e-recruitment practices to be more friendly in the sense that it should allow the bank personnel to get to know each candidate on a personal level. In the case of ICICI, its existing e-recruitment process is not highly dependent over the use of its official website. For this reason, one of the best ways to improve ICICI’s existing e-recruitment is for the bank to offer better online forms. Other study recommendation includes the need to simplify the online testing. Through the use of basic and simple IQ test, maths test, or English, the banks will have lesser risks of screening out individuals with positive work attitude and pleasing attitude and personality needed in serving the bank customers. It is also necessary to keep the actual design of the virtual recruiting environment simple and user-friendly. SPECIMEN ABSTRACT STUDENT NAME Kirandeep KAUR DEGREE MBA International Business DISSERTATION SUPERVISOR Richard Knight DISSERTATION TITLE E-Recruitment in the banking Industry a comparative study in to the UK bank Lloyds TSB and Indian bank ICICI DATE September 3rd 2012 KE YWORDS E-RECRUITMENT CULTURE RECRUITMENT METHODS ABSTRACT E-recruitment is pertaining to the use of information technology in the recruitment processes of each bank. Through the strict implementation of e-recruitment, each bank can speed up and improve the overall quality of the banks’ recruitment services. Banks like Lloyds TSB in UK and ICICI in India spent a lot of money on its e-recruitment platform. Among the common reasons why these two banks invested on e-recruitment is to get hold of the most highly competitive individuals to join the team, speed up, and further improve its existing recruitment services. A primary research study which is composed of a combination of quantitative research survey and research interview was conducted to determine the factors that could significantly influence the e-recruitment practices in both banks. Based on the research findings, the three (3) significant factors that can affect the ability of the banks to maximize the full benefit of its e-recruitment practices includes: the unique recruitment practices in each bank, access to Internet, and the ability of the people to use the computers. To make Lloyds TSB and ICICI be able to maximize its full investment on e-recruitment platform, this study highly recommends the idea that the bank manager(s) should be able to design and implement

Economics Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words - 1

Economics - Essay Example Marshallian utility analysis is based on the assumption that utility is measurable and indifference curve analysis is based on the assumption that the consumer is able to tell his preferences among the various alternative combinations of the two commodities. These assumptions seem to be unrealistic and revealed preference theory is free from these unrealistic assumptions and it seeks to enunciate the demand from observed market behaviour of the consumer. The theory is based on the fact that ‘choice reveals preference’. 2. Critical Analysis of the Neo Classical consumption theories of Marshallian Utility analysis and Hicksian Indifference analysis 1) Unrealistic The Marshallian assumption of cardinal measurement of utility is very restrictive. It demands too much from the human mind. Utility is a mental phenomenon and the precision in the measurement of utility assumed by Marshall is unrealistic. It is criticised that new theory of indifference analysis only jumps from th e frying pan of the difficulty of measuring utility into the fire of the unreality of assuming consumer’s complete knowledge of all his scales of preferences or indifference map. The indifference curve technique envisages a consumer who thinks of innumerable possible combinations of goods and his relative preferences for them. 2) Absurd Indifference curves include even the most ridiculous combinations which may be far removed from a consumer’s habitual combinations. For example, while it may be perfectly sensible to compare whether three pairs of shoes and six shirts would give him as much satisfaction as two pairs of shoes and seven shirts. 3) Introspective Both the approaches of Marshallian Utility analysis and indiffence curve technique are based on the psychological or introspective method. The law of diminishing marginal utility, which is psychological in nature lies at the bottom of law of demand. Indifference curve too is based on introspection. This technique i s criticised as introspective and hence Samuelson introduced behaviourist method of devising demand theory. 4) Relation of Transitivity objected Armstrong has criticised the relation of transitivity involved in indifference curve technique. According to him, the consumer’s indifference arises from his inability to perceive the difference between alternative combinations of goods. This is due to the fact that the difference is too slight to be noticed. If that is true, the relation of indifference become non-trasitive. This knocks the bottom out of the whole system of indifference curve analysis. 5) Limited empirical Nature In Hicks-Allen theory, indifference curves are based on hypothetical experimentation. They are based on imaginary indifference curves, although attempts have been made recently to derive them experimentally. 4. Revealed Preference Theory The theory of Revealed Preference is associated with the name of Paul Samuelson and the theory is called the behaviourist ordinal utility theory. Instead of the unrealistic assumptions that the consumers operate with a complete and consistent scales of preferences set out in the form of indifference curves, most economists now prefer to analyse situations in which their hypothesis can be tested. Both

Microsoft Versus Apple Compare And Contrast Computer Science Essay

Microsoft Versus Apple Compare And Contrast Computer Science Essay Business strategy is a direction, vision and objectives in terms of projects, in order to configure the total recourses that invest into the projects base on the markets needs and challenging of other competitors. After all, a scorecard will be use to evaluate the overall performance and the next step can be draw out base on the evaluation. The evaluation is about the suitability, feasibility and finally acceptability. Different company may have same or different policies on a same situation depends which way they comfort with. In this paper, Microsoft and Apple business strategy will be compare and contrast. Innovation is a radical or revolutionary change on doing an ordinary thing and makes it think out of the box. The process include from invention to application. Innovation can be value added if the invention is successful since the revenue and the stock market price of certain company will be increase significantly due to the uniqueness of the products. But the innovation also bare the risk of lost, this in because in the RD process, a lot capital been invested and may not produce the return so fast or even not at all if the innovation is failed. This paper include how innovative Apple and Microsoft is and how the technology invented by them help to push the world into the next level. 1.2 Purposes/ Objectives The first objective of this paper is to study about the business strategy between the Microsoft and Apple. The second is to study about the innovation of both company and their contributions to the technology world. As an engineer, one must be able to catch up the technology trends, make their own judgment about the incident and be innovative enough to foresee the future of the technology world. By studying history of companies, one can learn how others success and the lessons from others fails. 1.3 Scope The sample population of our research was 100 students from Multimedia University Cyberjaya. These 100 students were come from different faculty which included students from Faculty of Engineering, Faculty of Information Technology, Faculty of Management, Faculty of Creative Multimedia and last but not least FOSEE. 1.4 Methods Sources Two methods are used to complete this research. The primary data are collected through the questionnaire and the online researches. A thorough comparison and categorization will be performed in the second phase research. The second phase research result will be used to provide sufficient empirical evidence and to ground truth our findings from the preliminary research. The questionnaire is as per attached in the appendices. 2.0 Literature Review Apple Background Apple Inc. is a multinational corporation which based in Cupertino, California. Apple was founded by Steve Jobs, Steve Wozniak in 1st of April 1976. By Apple to shifted itself from the computer industry to the information technology industry the coverage of business become wider, it includes computers and mobile hardware (desktop and laptop personal computers, servers, iPhone, iPod), software (Mac OS X, iLife, iWork suits) and further to the online services (Mobile me services). For more than 34 years, Apple experienced from the rise to the golden age then fall back to serious lose and climb back to the current worlds leading technology company status. For the Apple community the most important, most powerful person ever is the current CEO which is the co founder Steve Jobs. He founded the company in 1976 and get fired by the CEO that hired by him in 1985, then he back on 1997 after the acquisition of NeXT Computer which is the new company that founded by Steve been layoff by Apple. In 1997 after Steve become the interim CEO of Apple, Michael Dell founder of Dell Computers said that What would I do? I would shut the company down and then give back the money to the shareholders, in front of the crowd of several thousand IT executives.[1] After more than ten years which is now, Apple worth more than 4 times of the Dells market value.[2][3] It is not difficult to spot whether Steve Jobs in Apple campus, just look for the handicapped space in front of the Apple campus entrance. Because it is usually for him to park at there and sometime occupied both handicapped car lot. If describe the Apple as big ship, the Steve will be an erratic and temperamental captain. But this captain is capable to foresee and fulfill what the end users wishes and setting the trend in innovation and style. Moreover, Steve Jobs been award as most valuable CEO by Barrons, The Wall Street Journal and CEO of the Decade by Fortune magazine.[4][5] Microsoft Background Microsoft Corporation is a multinational computer technology corporation that develops wide range of software products, gamming hardware products, online services etc. But Microsoft main business and most profitable products are selling the software products such as operating system, office suits. In 1975, Microsoft was founded by two founders which is Bill Gates and Paul Allen, and for now headquarter is locate at Washington. Microsoft was developed and sold the Beginners All-purpose Symbolic Instruction Code (BASIC) interpreters for the Altair 8800 computer when it was founded. Then continue with The AppleSoft Complier (TASC) which compiles the BASIC written program to Apple machine language. By award the contract by IBM to Microsoft for the operating system in IBM upcoming PC, it yields the first real success for Microsoft is by delivering the Disc Operating System (DOS). Then Microsoft continues to release the new operating system which named as Windows operating system that equi pped with the graphical user interface (GUI). From Windows 1.0 to the latest Windows 7 or Windows server 2008, Microsoft rose of small player to the giant in the software industry. Microsoft provides wide range of software to support the hardware products. Before January 2000 the chief operating officer for Microsoft is Bill Gates, but after Bill Gates stepped down and become the non executive chairman, he gradually transfer his duties to Steve Ballmer, an executive that joined Microsoft on 1980. Beside the operating system Microsoft also create the business software, gaming hardware such as XBOX, gamming software such as Flight Simulator 2000 and other popular games for both PC and XBOX. Microsoft also participates in the search engine, BING and provides other online services such as Windows Live. To compete with iPod, Microsoft released their own portable media player named as Zune which offer more choices to consumers. 3.0 Methods, Materials Process 3.1 Participants Our entire research is based on the students from MMU Cyberjaya. The objective of survey is to collect opinion of students in MMU Cyberjaya toward business strategy and innovation of Microsoft and Apple. As such, our main criteria lie on the Faculty of Engineering (FOE), Faculty of Information Technology (FIT), Faculty of Management (FOM), Centre For Foundation Studies and Extension Education (FOSEE) and Faculty of Creative Multimedia (FCM). All of the students from the research sample are chosen randomly regardless of their age and sex. We targeted a research sample of 100 students. 3.2 Materials We started our research by using the questionnaire. The questionnaire fundamentally consists of close ended and open ended questions. Each of the questions is specially designed in correspondence with the objective of the research, which is to determine the image of both the company in students mind. The questionnaire is attached on Appendix A. 3.3 Process There are 5 members in our group. The different tasks on the questionnaire design and distributions have been divided evenly among the group members. Our research samples are the 100 students from every faculty. Our friends from every faculty assist us in distributing the questionnaire. Besides that, we also perform the online survey and send the link through social network such as msn, email or facebook. Every question may require more than one answer, which are the answers that come to their mind. 4.0 Survey Results: Which company does you heard before? In the statistic, it shows that all heard about both companies before. Which product from Microsoft that you have used before? As show in bar chart above, Windows and Office suite dominates the market, as the Internet Explorer and Windows Media Player bundle with the Windows operating system, so both of it also have 100% of usage. Windows Mobile is just for the one who own the smart phone that use Windows Mobile as operating system which as low as 40%. The less among all is Microsoft hardware, which includes keyboard, mouse, webcam etc. Which product you think represents Microsoft the most? Pie chart above shows that when people talk about Microsoft, the image or product that relate to the company is Windows. Which product from Apple that you have used before? Most of the people have used iPod and iPhone before compare to the other Apple products. This is because of the pricy of the Mac computers even the entry level product compare to other others. Which product you think represents Apple the most? Pie chart above shows that when people talk about Apple, the image or product that relate to the company is mostly iPhone and iPod. Which company do you think is more innovative? Peoples think that Apple is more innovative compare to Microsoft maybe due to the image that Apple keep refresh its products line and keep introduce new products. Which company image is more mysterious or secretive? From statistic, Apple image is more secretive compare to Microsoft. This is probably due to Apple wont announce current or ongoing projects compare to Microsoft makes public about what its current ongoing. Which sector do you think Microsoft monopoly? Microsoft monopoly the software market in the PC industry due to its operating system can operate in any hardware combinations. Which sector do you think Apple monopoly? Apple monopoly in digital music sector and mobile sector, many iPod and iPhone can be found easily on the street as the handheld device of many users. Usually where you get the information or news for the products? Compare both of the pie chart above, most of the people get the information of Microsoft from email promotions and social media, but for Apple, Email promotions and social media tactics less likely to be use with. 5.0 Discussions: 5.1 Compare and Contrast of Business Strategies 5.1.1 Secrecy As show in graph above the different between Apple and Microsoft business strategy is its secrecy level. Nowadays the social networking platforms such as blog, facebook, twitter, etc are very famous around the world. There are companies that use these platforms to communicate with their fans, potential customers, costumers, sharing about the new business strategy, new technology, new upcoming products or get the direct respond from the public. Such as Microsoft, there are different official blog for different department, such as IEBlog or Server Team Blog. But there is also the official Microsoft Blog for the executives or employees to deliver the news and the perspective from Microsoft. Besides that, the Microsoft team uses their blog to respond to the current related topics or what happenings in the industrial, such as Microsoft Cooperate Vice President reply the criticism of the former employee by the title Measuring Our Work by Its Broad Impact through the blog. [6] But this kind of the culture is banned in Apple. In Apple, no employees are allowed to share to public any tidbits about what are they currently doing. There are also no official blog for Apple. The only Apple have is their official website to provides the details to the public. Moreover, Apple has been known to spread wrong information to their workers. According to a former employee mention that Philip Schiller, senior vice president for worldwide product marketing, provided incorrect information about a products price or features about new products in internal meetings. By using the incorrect details, Apple then tries to track down the source of leak. For those employee that leak or accidently leak the information, they will be fired. [7] Even Apple employees have no idea what are they currently working at. They just finish the task that assigned. The engineers that deal with the hardware part and the software part are separate in different buildings in order to prevent for them to know what is the whole project was. So for Apple employees they are as surprised as public about the new product launch or products update. Basically Apple secrecy reaches paranoia. A former Apple marketing manager describe as below Employees working on top-secret projects must pass through a maze of security doors, swiping their badges again and again and finally entering a numeric code to reach their offices, according to one former employee who worked in such areas. Work spaces are typically monitored by security cameras, this employee said. Some Apple workers in the most critical product-testing rooms must cover up devices with black cloaks when they are working on them, and turn on a red warning light when devices are unmasked so that everyone knows to be extra-careful. [7] Beside the unannounced new products, this rule also applies for the announced. Such as for new iPad that just launch and will be available in Apple Store on 3rd of April, but even few days before launch, Apple Store employees form concierge to manager havent seen it yet. The most interesting part is the geniuses that in charge of the problems solving and fixing dont know how to solve and fix the potential problems yet.[8] Why secrecy is so important in Apple business strategy? It is because this approach has been critical to success, it will allowing Apple to attack the market share of other companies before for their competitors conscious about it. Usually if Steve found that if there are some breakage or potential products in the sectors, they will find the possibilities to connect it or create it out. Such as iPhone, it takes more than three years for Apple to figuring out how to product it should be, so that was three years ahead of their rivals. So when their rivals try to create some product to fight back, maybe Apple has brought their existing product into another level. This make Apple in lead of the sectors and their rivals keep catching up at behind. Since Apple image is about the secrecy, before any events that held by Apple, there are sure many rumors going on the tech website or media. But there sure will have leaks about the new product information. A former Apple manager describe that these sorts of leaks are handed down from senior Apple executives to the employees to contact major news or website outlets. The communication is always done in person or on the phone and never by e-mail. This is because if theres ever any dispute about what transpired, theres no physical evidence to prove the false of either partys version of the story.[9] So it is all about the business or marketing tactics. By control leaks, Apple will know who the public will respond to their new products and it is a free method to survey and free method to advertise the potential new products. All of the rumors or lawsuits that are related to Apple company well shown in their stock (AAPL) that listed on Nasdaq. The stock price will go higher before there are any events and if the new product release meets the public expectation the stock price will be rise again or remain same. But if out of expectation, the price will be drop. So as the lawsuits, by winning the lawsuit will help to push up the stock. 5.1.2 Open door versus closed door The second strategy related to secrecy is about the open door versus closed door. Since the day Microsoft collaborate with IBM when IBM approach Microsoft for needing the operating system for their new to-be-announced PC. The personal computer (PC) that creates by the IBM is open architecture, which means that peripheral components and compatible software can be produce and sell by other manufacturers without purchasing licenses. Soon there comes other manufactures to reverse engineered the PC which so call the IBM PC compatible. As the success of the IBM PC lead the PC become the standard in the industry and lead many of the other companies to start to clone it. Due to the popularity of the IBM PC, it helps to push to Microsoft to world because all of the clone will use the Microsoft DOS operating system. After more than 30 years of evolution, nowadays there are full of computer company such as Dell, Asus, Acer, etc which is PC maker and seller. It is not too over to say that each of the PC that they sold come with the pre-install Windows operating system that developed by Microsoft. The statistics showed that more than 90% of the operating system market shares are own by Microsoft.[10] How Microsoft reach so far? The answer is collaboration with the hardware manufactures and with software programmer. Microsoft released the Application Programming Interface (API) inside the operating system for the use of the programmer. Since the PC is very popular and due to the popularity and high demand, so there are a lots of programs which is wrote to be work in Windows operating system. Back to computer manufacture, each PC that preinstall with the Windows operating system must be genuine. The charge for the operating system at the end will be pay by the end users. From there Microsoft get a lo t of income from the licenses. Because of the needed of collaboration with different parties, Microsoft need to release their road map or preview of the new software in advance order to let or encourage or make sure the manufactures to build their offerings around Microsoft new systems. Sure, this will only let Microsoft a stranglehold on the software market. For Apple, it is totally different. Apple hardware is a close architecture, so only Apple proprietary software can match with proprietary hardware. It is totally black box operations. Mac OS X is just for Apple Mac computers, iPhone OS just for Apple iPhone or iPod. Apple have different keyboard layout, different connector for video output. By using iPod or iPhone, the only software that you can sync with is by using iTunes. Unlike Windows mobile operating system or Windows operating system that is designed to work on any participating computer or handset. So there is totally no openness and interoperability in Apple compare to Microsoft. Due to that close looped and high prices, less people which the Mac OS X market share less than 5% and the software that operable on the Mac OS X is quite limited and the driver for peripherals hardware that work with Mac OS X also limited. But on the other hand, because of the ecosystem, Apple can design the combination of hardware and software tha t work well together, this can ensure that whole system is running smoothly and to enhance the user experience which others cant deliver. The advantage for Apple is they only write the software for their own hardware so there are fewer problems, for Microsoft, as they need to support all of the variant hardware then it run on, so there will be more problems to deal with. 5.1.3 How to reach customers The third point is how the both company reach their customers. Usually there are three ways to reach the customers, first is through the official online store, secondly is directly through the concept store and the last and the most important method is through advertisement. The Microsoft online store aka Microsoft Marketplace offers all the latest products from Microsoft and computer or hardware by third party manufactures. It provides all the specifications, minimum requirements, pricing, comparison between products and other details that will be need by the buyers. User can select the products and add into cart then directly pay by credit card to get the products. Unfortunately, Microsoft Marketplace just available to selected countries only which exclude Malaysia. Beside for the software for computer, Microsoft also provides the software for smart phone. For the Windows mobile platform there is a special store or platform for users to view and download the applications, games tha t create by third party developer which name as Windows marketplace for mobile. The virtual store is not enough to interact with users. So why the concept store is so important? It is because there are demands for users to physically experience the stuff, to introduce to the new technology and get the direct help from the professionals. So it leads to opening of the official concept store. For Microsoft, they have total two Microsoft store at United States, both open in 2009. Microsoft store is target to improve the customers retail purchase experience for Microsoft products, provide opinions and help consumers to make decisions with their PC and software purchases. The store provide wide variety of products, it offers both hardware and software that create by Microsoft such as Microsoft windows, Microsoft office, Xbox 360, Zune potable media player etc. It also offers the personal computers that manufactured by third parties manufactures such as HP, IBM, Dell etc. Most of the PC peripherals and accessories can be found in the store too. For both hardware part a nd software part, customers can have a test drive at there about all the new technologies or functions that provide by Microsoft for new software and entertain their self with Xbox 360 or the Zune. There is also a corner named as Answer bar which duty by the Microsoft professional with the meaning of helps to answer and troubleshoot the problems about Microsoft products. Beside the normal customer service, they also provide the after sales service at there. For the faulty Microsoft hardware can be send to there for the repair. Class sessions also provided to introduce to the new users to highlight all the basic and new functions. For Apple, same as Microsoft, they have both the online store and the concept store so call Apple Store. But both the Apple online store and concept store are quite different with the Microsoft. For Microsoft the main idea is for promote and introduce their product to the public and not sales. This is because personal computer can buy from the manufacture and maybe the manufacture provides more promotions or offers. For the software part, most of them are bundle with the new computers. But this is totally different for Apple. For Apple, all the software and hardware are custom by themselves. So they are the only one who provides the service or warranty. All the faulty hardware which cant solve by the authorized distributor is send back to Apple. For Microsoft, they just provide online store for few countries, but for Apple, they provide the online store for most of the country in the world which all the price are display in the local currency. For Apple online store, they provide bot h the hardware and software from themselves and third party too. The special about the Apple online store is they provide the education discount for both the students and lectures. The education prices are lower than market price, so that it can encourage the students or lectures to switch to the Apple ecosystem more affordable. As mention above, Apple website is the only way to get the new information about the Apple. So as the online store, it is the only way to get information about the updates or refresh of the current Apple product lines. When the online store is down, there are only two possibilities, one is for maintenance and another is for product update. Beside the online store, there are other stores such as Apps Store which provide the applications for the ipod touch, iphone and ipad by third parties. Itunes store to sell the music, video, ringtone, drama to both the mac and windows users. For Apple concept store, there are totally 286 stores in worldwide. Inside the store provide all the product range from Apple. In order to run the store effectively and achieve high customers stratifications, all the staff are been well trained for specific tasks. The level of training depends on the post that currently holds. First is store manager that in charge of whole team members, evaluate their performance and manage the profitability. Second is concierge/ specialist, there are quite a numbers of specialist such as Inventory Control, Back of House and Personal Shopping Specialist. For Personal Shopping Specialist they performs assorted customer service tasks, such as conduct product sales and answers enquires about Apple products and their main task is to deliver unique shopping experience to customers . Third is Creative which been well trained to provides training or advice, teach about all Apples software and pro applications to customers. As Apple very focus about the cust omer service and from the statistic of Customer Service Champs 2010 that done from the BusinessWeek magazine, Apple get 3rd rank which is highest among all the computer manufacture. Last but not least, there is also Apple Genius that serves at the Genius Bar to diagnoses and identifies the possible problems, perform repairing, replacement services for the products that under recall or needed and provide technical support to Apple users. To attract the visitors to Apple store, Apple had made many affords. One of it is the architecture and interior design. In a results, numerous architectural awards been award to its store designs, so thats make it Apple Store so unique to each others such as the Apple Store at the 5th Avenue of New York. It is the underground store which its entrance is a big glass cube. The most unique and eyes catching interior design is the glass staircase that leads to the underground store. Beside that the glass staircase was awarded design pattern in 2002.[11] For the advertising part, both companies almost perform same to each other. First is by sending email. This is because it is a most cost effective way. Usually the email will introduce either the new products or the promotion of the current products. By sending the email or newsletter to the subscriber, it can create the awareness of the customers towards the advertisement, help to create loyal customers and serve as a reminder. Through the email newsletters that send, the direct sales can be increase and will lead to increase the income. Nowadays, the usages of the search engines are part of the daily life. Just key the website or information that wishes to look for at the search engine, and you will get the page that require. So advertising through the search engine is the way to do so. Search engine company provide paid search advertising at the top of the all the results when the keywords are matched. This allow interested visitor to browse the details, increase the business revenue and reduce spending limit. For Apple, for the major products such as iPod, iPhone and iPad, or when there are major improvements over old products, they will publish the advertisement video to introduce the features or the uniqueness of the products. Besides that, the most famous Apple advertisement is the Get a Mac, which use to compare between the PC and Mac computer. To compete with the advertisement, Microsoft creates Im PC advertisements which focus on the price of PC which is cheaper over Mac computers. Another strategy which use by Microsoft and later follow by Apple is use the strength of social media. By using social media, the end users or customers will help to spread out the information which is product advertising. The reviews by the professionals or pioneers are post at the Facebook or Youtube to introduce their products. Communicate with the users are important for Microsoft strategy, so they create blogs, discussion groups on forum or social networking website such as Facebook or even Twitter to provide the frequent information updates about new products and use the platform as the brand ambassador to increase to adoption rate of new products. From listening the feedback rather than self defend can help Microsoft to improve and create better products. As discussed above, the suggestions or opinions from users act as a feedback look and make a whole close loop ecosystem. For Apple, there are two official Facebook page, one for iTunes and another for Apps Store. The content include introduce the new apps or song and direct link to the store for further purchasing, which is another way to promote the items. Overall, the social media can be effective tool for marketing, it also allow user to voice their opinions and suggestions and participate in the product development cycle, which result better products for better future. [12] 5.2 Compare and Contrast of Innovations 5.2.1 Apple Innovations According to the survey percent of people thinks that Apple is more innovative. It is a norm where when discuss about innovation, most computer and electronics consumers will focus and chasing for Apple, and that why Forbes Magazine ranked Apple in 1st place for most admired company for innovation. The formula for Apple is keep increase the spending for RD, keep innovate, keep launch the new products or updates and lastly keep the competitors far behind. Apple do innovate quite a number of technologies, but it is surprise that in many cases Apple do help to push the technologies in the mainstream but Apple did not invent the core technologies. Steve jobs said that You cant ask people what they want next, they wont know, they cant tell you what they want next, they just know when they see it and feel that it gonna be right things. First of all is graphical user interface (GUI). The GUI was introduced by Apple in 1984 named as Mac OS pairing with its Apple Lisa computer and changes the computer industry since ever. Before the introduction of GUI to public, all the personal computers were power by dot matrix command line operating system, to execute any command, user need to type in the command and the interaction and it is not user friendly at all. In the truth is the GUI generally credited to Xerox because the idea is get from Xerox when Steve Jobs and other Apple executives visit the Xerox research center in 1979. On the other hand, Apple do help to innovate for GUI, Apple include the drag and drop, double click, menu bar at top of the screen with pull down menu. All the steps follow by Microsoft with release Windows 1.0 in late 1985. [13] With the introduced of GUI in Mac OS, Apple introduced the mouse to be the pointer for its GUI. Apple did not invent the mouse, the mouse was invent by Douglas Engelbart and ship with Xerox workstations in 1981. As a result of population, nowadays all the desktop computer must pair with a keyboard and mouse. [14] The successor for Apple Lisa is Apple Macintosh. It is the first commercially successful all in one personal computer feature with GUI and mouse. All in one computer not the original idea from Apple as older 8 bit computers such as Commodore PET and Kaypro implemented this concept first. [15] After Steve Jobs back in 1997, he announced iMac in 1998 which is all in one computer which brightly colored transparent casing for monitor, keyboard and mouse. This is the 1st computer for Apple to return its profitability after return if Steve. Since then iMac been categorized as mid range price computer and the newest of iMac feature 21.5 and 27 inch LCD screen. As the uniqueness and the all in one pc reduce the space consumption, nowadays other manufacture such as NEC, LENOVO, DELL release their own all in one pc with Windows OS to grab the market share of all in one pc. Another story for introduction of iMac in 1998 is abandoning old technology such as remove the floppy disk drive. The remove of floppy was